出版說明
作者簡(jiǎn)介
前　　言
第一篇　戰(zhàn)略管理的輸入
第1章　戰(zhàn)略管理與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 2
開篇案例　阿里巴巴：中國(guó)電子商務(wù)巨頭站上國(guó)際舞臺(tái) 3
1.1　競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局 7
戰(zhàn)略聚焦1-1　技術(shù)創(chuàng)新給星巴克帶來了超額的單店收入 11
1.2　超額利潤(rùn)的產(chǎn)業(yè)組織模型 14
1.3　超額利潤(rùn)的資源基礎(chǔ)模型 16
1.4　愿景和使命 18
1.5　利益相關(guān)者 19
戰(zhàn)略聚焦1-2　黑莓公司開發(fā)利益相關(guān)者生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的失敗經(jīng)歷 20
1.6　戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者 25
1.7　戰(zhàn)略管理過程 26
小結(jié) 28
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 28
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 29
討論案例　航空業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 29
注釋 30
第2章　外部環(huán)境：機(jī)會(huì)、威脅、產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手分析 38
開篇案例　金拱門上是否有裂痕 39
2.1　總體環(huán)境、行業(yè)環(huán)境和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境 41
2.2　外部環(huán)境分析 43
2.3　總體環(huán)境的細(xì)分 45
戰(zhàn)略聚焦2-1　塔吉特失去了它的統(tǒng)治地位 54
2.4　行業(yè)環(huán)境分析 55
2.5　解讀行業(yè)分析 63
2.6　戰(zhàn)略群組 63
戰(zhàn)略聚焦2-2　江山代有才人出，亞馬遜還能獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷多少年 64
2.7　競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手分析 65
2.8　倫理思考 67
小結(jié) 68
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 68
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 68
討論案例　非正式經(jīng)濟(jì)：是什么，為什么重要 69
注釋 70
第3章　內(nèi)部組織：資源、能力、核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì) 76
開篇案例　數(shù)據(jù)分析、大型制藥公司和核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力：一個(gè)美麗新世界 77
3.1　內(nèi)部組織分析 79
3.2　資源、能力和核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 84
戰(zhàn)略聚焦3-1　極度干燥：把品牌管理作為戰(zhàn)略成功的基礎(chǔ) 85
3.3　建立核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 89
3.4　外包 96
3.5　競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、優(yōu)勢(shì)、劣勢(shì)和戰(zhàn)略決策 96
戰(zhàn)略聚焦3-2　外包公司轉(zhuǎn)型：從集成到自主開發(fā) 97
小結(jié) 98
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 99
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 99
討論案例　Zara：西班牙“快時(shí)尚”零售店巨人的實(shí)力 100
注釋 101
第二篇　戰(zhàn)略行動(dòng)：制定戰(zhàn)略
第4章　業(yè)務(wù)層戰(zhàn)略 108
開篇案例　海恩富集團(tuán)：一個(gè)聚焦于“天然有機(jī)”差異化戰(zhàn)略的公司 109
4.1　顧客與業(yè)務(wù)層戰(zhàn)略的關(guān)系 112
4.2　業(yè)務(wù)層戰(zhàn)略的目的 116
4.3　業(yè)務(wù)層戰(zhàn)略的類型 117
戰(zhàn)略聚焦4-1　蘋果vs.三星：蘋果的差異化戰(zhàn)略和三星的模仿戰(zhàn)略 126
戰(zhàn)略聚焦4-2　睿俠公司失敗的集中戰(zhàn)略：戰(zhàn)略搖擺不定 130
小結(jié) 134
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 135
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 135
討論案例　杰西潘尼用一種失敗的戰(zhàn)略自殺了嗎 135
注釋 136
第5章　競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性對(duì)抗和動(dòng)態(tài)競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 142
開篇案例　谷歌有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手嗎？高科技市場(chǎng)中的動(dòng)態(tài)競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 143
5.1　競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性對(duì)抗模型 146
5.2　競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者分析 147
戰(zhàn)略聚焦5-1　家樂氏騎虎難下了嗎 150
5.3　競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性行動(dòng)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性反應(yīng)的驅(qū)動(dòng)力 150
5.4　競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性對(duì)抗 152
5.5　攻擊的可能性 153
5.6　反應(yīng)的可能性 157
5.7　動(dòng)態(tài)競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 159
戰(zhàn)略聚焦5-2　超市戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的連鎖反應(yīng)：奧樂齊正在改變?cè)S多國(guó)家的市場(chǎng) 163
小結(jié) 164
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 166
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 166
討論案例　聯(lián)邦快遞和UPS：在激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中屹立不倒 166
注釋 167
第6章　公司層戰(zhàn)略 172
開篇案例　迪士尼：利用相關(guān)多元化戰(zhàn)略創(chuàng)造價(jià)值 173
6.1　多元化的層次 175
6.2　多元化的原因 178
6.3　創(chuàng)造價(jià)值的多元化：相關(guān)約束型多元化和相關(guān)聯(lián)系型多元化 179
6.4　非相關(guān)多元化 185
戰(zhàn)略聚焦6-1　通用電氣和聯(lián)合技術(shù)公司：致力于內(nèi)部資本市場(chǎng)配置和重組戰(zhàn)略 186
6.5　價(jià)值不確定的多元化：動(dòng)機(jī)與資源 188
戰(zhàn)略聚焦6-2　可口可樂公司的多元化戰(zhàn)略：應(yīng)對(duì)衰退的軟飲料市場(chǎng) 190
6.6　降低價(jià)值的多元化：管理者的多元化動(dòng)機(jī) 193
小結(jié) 196
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 196
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 196
討論案例　三一重工 197
注釋 198
第7章　并購(gòu)戰(zhàn)略 204
開篇案例　并購(gòu)：追求業(yè)績(jī)提升的公司所采取的重要戰(zhàn)略 205
7.1　并購(gòu)戰(zhàn)略的風(fēng)行 206
7.2　實(shí)施收購(gòu)的原因 208
戰(zhàn)略聚焦7-1　平等合并：并非易事 209
戰(zhàn)略聚焦7-2　決定進(jìn)行跨國(guó)收購(gòu)的不同戰(zhàn)略依據(jù) 212
7.3　阻礙收購(gòu)獲得成功的因素 216
7.4　有效的收購(gòu) 222
7.5　重組 224
小結(jié) 227
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 228
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 228
討論案例　思科的核心能力：戰(zhàn)略性收購(gòu)和迅速整合 228
注釋 230
第8章　國(guó)際化戰(zhàn)略 236
開篇案例　網(wǎng)飛公司的國(guó)際化戰(zhàn)略 237
8.1　識(shí)別國(guó)際化機(jī)會(huì) 239
8.2　國(guó)際化戰(zhàn)略 243
戰(zhàn)略聚焦8-1　家具巨頭宜家的全球化戰(zhàn)略 248
8.3　環(huán)境趨勢(shì) 250
8.4　國(guó)際市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入模式的選擇 252
8.5　國(guó)際環(huán)境中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 258
戰(zhàn)略聚焦8-2　國(guó)際足球產(chǎn)業(yè)以及國(guó)際足聯(lián)丑聞所帶來的影響 260
8.6　戰(zhàn)略競(jìng)爭(zhēng)結(jié)果 262
8.7　國(guó)際化戰(zhàn)略的挑戰(zhàn) 264
小結(jié) 265
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 266
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 266
討論案例　國(guó)際化戰(zhàn)略：ABB集團(tuán)的發(fā)展引擎 266
注釋 268
第9章　合作戰(zhàn)略 276
開篇案例　谷歌、英特爾與泰格豪雅：合作生產(chǎn)智能手表 277
9.1　合作戰(zhàn)略的主要形式：戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟 279
9.2　業(yè)務(wù)層合作戰(zhàn)略 284
戰(zhàn)略聚焦9-1　戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟：特斯拉汽車的運(yùn)營(yíng)基礎(chǔ) 288
9.3　公司層合作戰(zhàn)略 290
9.4　國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略 292
9.5　網(wǎng)絡(luò)合作戰(zhàn)略 293
9.6　合作戰(zhàn)略帶來的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 295
戰(zhàn)略聚焦9-2　合作戰(zhàn)略并沒有帶來預(yù)期成功 296
9.7　對(duì)合作戰(zhàn)略的管理 297
小結(jié) 299
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 300
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 300
討論案例　全球汽車工業(yè)中形成的全球聯(lián)盟和本地聯(lián)盟 300
注釋 302
第三篇　戰(zhàn)略行動(dòng)：實(shí)施戰(zhàn)略
第10章　公司治理 308
開篇案例　20世紀(jì)80年代的企業(yè)狙擊手成為當(dāng)今的維權(quán)股東 309
10.1　所有權(quán)和經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)的分離 312
10.2　所有權(quán)集中 317
10.3　董事會(huì) 319
戰(zhàn)略聚焦10-1　CEO應(yīng)該得到巨額薪酬嗎 324
10.4　公司控制權(quán)市場(chǎng) 325
10.5　國(guó)際公司治理 328
戰(zhàn)略聚焦10-2　日本、德國(guó)和中國(guó)：股東參與者和股東積極主義者 330
10.6　治理機(jī)制和倫理行為 332
小結(jié) 333
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 334
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 334
討論案例　摩根大通銀行的CEO：杰米·戴蒙 335
注釋 336
第11章　組織結(jié)構(gòu)與控制 344
開篇案例　陸遜梯卡的兩職合一結(jié)構(gòu)：長(zhǎng)久制勝的關(guān)鍵還是失敗的一大誘因 345
11.1　組織的結(jié)構(gòu)和控制 347
戰(zhàn)略聚焦11-1　麥當(dāng)勞的組織結(jié)構(gòu)變革：是業(yè)績(jī)提升的路徑嗎 348
11.2　戰(zhàn)略和結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系 351
11.3　戰(zhàn)略和組織結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展模式 351
戰(zhàn)略聚焦11-2　索尼公司的新組織結(jié)構(gòu)：聚焦財(cái)務(wù)問責(zé)制和資源集中配制 362
11.4　實(shí)施業(yè)務(wù)層合作戰(zhàn)略 370
11.5　實(shí)施公司層合作戰(zhàn)略 371
11.6　實(shí)施國(guó)際化合作戰(zhàn)略 372
小結(jié) 373
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 373
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 374
討論案例　創(chuàng)建可持續(xù)發(fā)展的環(huán)境：聯(lián)合利華與眾多企業(yè)和非營(yíng)利組織合作以實(shí)現(xiàn)其戰(zhàn)略 374
注釋 375
第12章　戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力 382
開篇案例　你有能力追隨一個(gè)榜樣并取得成功嗎—史蒂夫·喬布斯之后的蘋果公司與蒂姆·庫(kù)克 383
12.1　戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力及其類型 384
12.2　高層管理者在公司中的角色 387
12.3　管理者的繼任與接替 391
戰(zhàn)略聚焦12-1　浴火重生：通用汽車公司的CEO繼任 395
12.4　關(guān)鍵戰(zhàn)略領(lǐng)導(dǎo)行動(dòng) 396
戰(zhàn)略聚焦12-2　這些方式都可以讓你失敗 400
小結(jié) 406
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 407
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 407
討論案例　寶潔公司管理層變動(dòng)：一個(gè)關(guān)于CEO重要性的啟示 407
注釋 409
第13章　戰(zhàn)略創(chuàng)業(yè) 416
開篇案例　迪士尼成功的關(guān)鍵要素：創(chuàng)業(yè)激情與創(chuàng)新 417
13.1　創(chuàng)業(yè)和創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì) 419
13.2　創(chuàng)新 420
13.3　創(chuàng)業(yè)者 420
13.4　國(guó)際創(chuàng)業(yè) 421
13.5　內(nèi)部創(chuàng)新 422
戰(zhàn)略聚焦13-1　奇異公司的創(chuàng)新之路 425
13.6　實(shí)施內(nèi)部創(chuàng)新 427
13.7　通過合作戰(zhàn)略進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新 430
13.8　通過收購(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)新 431
戰(zhàn)略聚焦13-2　什么導(dǎo)致美國(guó)運(yùn)通公司缺乏創(chuàng)新：驕傲自大、懶惰倦怠還是能力欠缺 432
13.9　通過戰(zhàn)略創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值 433
小結(jié) 435
關(guān)鍵術(shù)語(yǔ) 436
復(fù)習(xí)思考題 436
討論案例　杰西潘尼的失敗創(chuàng)新：原因和結(jié)果 436
注釋 437
第四篇　準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)行有效的案例分析


Contents

Part 1: Strategic Management Inputs 2
1: Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness 2
Opening Case: Alibaba: An Online Colossus in China Goes Global 3
1-1 The Competitive Landscape 7
1-1a The Global Economy 8
1-1b Technology and Technological Changes 10
Strategic Focus: Starbucks Is “Juicing” Its Earnings per Store through Technological Innovations 11
1-2 The I/O Model of Above-Average Returns 14
1-3 The Resource-Based Model of Above-Average Returns 16
1-4 Vision and Mission 18
1-4a Vision 18
1-4b Mission 19
1-5 Stakeholders 19
Strategic Focus: The Failure of BlackBerry to Develop an Ecosystem of Stakeholders 20
1-5a Classications of Stakeholders 21
1-6 Strategic Leaders 25
1-6a The Work of Eective Strategic Leaders 25
1-7 The Strategic Management Process 26
Summary 28 · Key Terms 28 · Review Questions 29 · Mini-Case 29 · Notes 30
2: The External Environment: Opportunities, Threats, Industry Competition, and Competitor Analysis 38
Opening Case: Are There Cracks in the Golden Arches? 39
2-1 The General, Industry, and Competitor Environments 41
2-2 External Environmental Analysis 43
2-2a Scanning 43
2-2b Monitoring 44
2-2c Forecasting 44
2-2d Assessing 45
2-3 Segments of the General Environment 45
2-3a The Demographic Segment 45
2-3b The Economic Segment 48
2-3c The Political/Legal Segment 49
2-3d The Sociocultural Segment 50
2-3e The Technological Segment 51
2-3f The Global Segment 52
2-3g The Sustainable Physical Environment Segment 53
Strategic Focus: Target Lost Its Sway Because Tar-zhey No Longer Drew the Customers 54
2-4 Industry Environment Analysis 55
2-4a Threat of New Entrants 56
2-4b Bargaining Power of Suppliers 59
2-4c Bargaining Power of Buyers 60
2-4d Threat of Substitute Products 60
2-4e Intensity of Rivalry among Competitors 60
2-5 Interpreting Industry Analyses 63
2-6 Strategic Groups 63
Strategic Focus: Watch Out All Retailers, Here Comes Amazon; Watch Out Amazon, Here Comes Jet.com 64
2-7 Competitor Analysis 652-8 Ethical Considerations 67Summary 68 · Key Terms 68 · Review Questions 68 · Mini-Case 69 · Notes 70
3: The Internal Organization: Resources, Capabilities, Core Competencies, and Competitive Advantages 76
Opening Case: Data Analytics, Large Pharmaceutical Companies, and Core Competencies: A Brave New World 77
3-1 Analyzing the Internal Organization 79
3-1a The Context of Internal Analysis 79
3-1b Creating Value 81
3-1c The Challenge of Analyzing the Internal Organization 81
3-2 Resources, Capabilities, and Core Competencies 84
3-2a Resources 84
Strategic Focus: Strengthening the Superdry Brand as a Foundation to Strategic Success 85
3-2b Capabilities 88
3-2c Core Competencies 89
3-3 Building Core Competencies 89
3-3a The Four Criteria of Sustainable Competitive Advantage 89
3-3b Value Chain Analysis 93
3-4 Outsourcing 96
3-5 Competencies, Strengths, Weaknesses, and Strategic Decisions 96
Strategic Focus: “We’re Outsourcing that Activity but Not That One? I’m Surprised!” 97
Summary 98 · Key Terms 99 · Review Questions 99 · Mini-Case 100 · Notes 101
Part 2: Strategic Actions: Strategy Formulation 108
4: Business-Level Strategy 108
Opening Case: Hain Celestial Group: A Firm Focused on “Organic” Dierentiation 109
4-1 Customers: Their Relationship with Business-Level Strategies 112
4-1a Eectively Managing Relationships with Customers 112
4-1b Reach, Richness, and Aliation 113
4-1c Who: Determining the Customers to Serve 114
4-1d What: Determining Which Customer Needs to Satisfy 114
4-1e How: Determining Core Competencies Necessary to Satisfy Customer Needs 115
4-2 The Purpose of a Business-Level Strategy 116
4-3 Types of Business-Level Strategies 117
4-3a Cost Leadership Strategy 118
4-3b Dierentiation Strategy 122
Strategic Focus: Apple vs. Samsung: Apple Dierentiates and Samsung Imperfectly Imitates 126
4-3c Focus Strategies 127
4-3d Integrated Cost Leadership/Dierentiation Strategy 129
Strategic Focus: RadioShack’s Failed Focus Strategy: Strategic Flip-Flopping 130
Summary 134 · Key Terms 135 · Review Questions 135 · Mini-Case 135 · Notes 136
5: Competitive Rivalry and Competitive Dynamics 142
Opening Case: Does Google Have Competition? Dynamics of the High Technology Markets 143
5-1 A Model of Competitive Rivalry 146
5-2 Competitor Analysis 147
5-2a Market Commonality 147
5-2b Resource Similarity 148
Strategic Focus: Does Kellogg Have the Tiger by the Tail or Is It the Reverse? 150
5-3 Drivers of Competitive Behavior 150
5-4 Competitive Rivalry 152
5-4a Strategic and Tactical Actions 152
5-5 Likelihood of Attack 153
5-5a First-Mover Benets 153
5-5b Organizational Size 155
5-5c Quality 156
5-6 Likelihood of Response 157
5-6a Type of Competitive Action 157
5-6b Actor’s Reputation 158
5-6c Market Dependence 158
5-7 Competitive Dynamics 159
5-7a Slow-Cycle Markets 159
5-7b Fast-Cycle Markets 161
5-7c Standard-Cycle Markets 162
Strategic Focus: The Ripple Eect of Supermarket Wars: Aldi Is Changing the Markets in Many Countries 163
Summary 164 · Key Terms 166 · Review Questions 166 · Mini-Case 166 · Notes 167
6: Corporate-Level Strategy 172
Opening Case: Disney Adds Value Using a Related Diversication Strategy 173
6-1 Levels of Diversication 175
6-1a Low Levels of Diversication 176
6-1b Moderate and High Levels of Diversication 177
6-2 Reasons for Diversication 178
6-3 Value-Creating Diversication: Related Constrained and Related Linked Diversication 179
6-3a Operational Relatedness: Sharing Activities 180
6-3b Corporate Relatedness: Transferring of Core Competencies 181
6-3c Market Power 182
6-3d Simultaneous Operational Relatedness and Corporate Relatedness 184
6-4 Unrelated Diversication 185
6-4a Ecient Internal Capital Market Allocation 185
Strategic Focus: GE and United Technology Are Firms that Have Pursued Internal Capital Allocation and Restructuring Strategies 186
6-4b Restructuring of Assets 187
6-5 Value-Neutral Diversication: Incentives and Resources 188
6-5a Incentives to Diversify 188
Strategic Focus: Coca-Cola’s Diversication to Deal with Its Reduced Growth in Soft Drinks 190
6-5b Resources and Diversication 192
6-6 Value-Reducing Diversication: Managerial Motives to Diversify 193
Summary 196 · Key Terms 196 · Review Questions 196 · Mini-Case 197 · Notes 198
7: Merger and Acquisition Strategies 204
Opening Case: Mergers and Acquisitions: Prominent Strategies for Firms Seeking to Enhance Their Performance 205
7-1 The Popularity of Merger and Acquisition Strategies 206
7-1a Mergers, Acquisitions, and Takeovers: What Are the Dierences? 207
7-2 Reasons for Acquisitions 208
Strategic Focus: A Merger of Equals: Making It Happen Isn’t Easy! 209
7-2a Increased Market Power 210
7-2b Overcoming Entry Barriers 211
Strategic Focus: Dierent Strategic Rationales Driving Cross-Border Acquisitions 212
7-2c Cost of New Product Development and Increased Speed to Market 213
7-2d Lower Risk Compared to Developing New Products 214
7-2e Increased Diversication 214
7-2f Reshaping the Firm’s Competitive Scope 215
7-2g Learning and Developing New Capabilities 215
7-3 Problems in Achieving Acquisition Success 216
7-3a Integration Diculties 217
7-3b Inadequate Evaluation of Target 218
7-3c Large or Extraordinary Debt 219
7-3d Inability to Achieve Synergy 220
7-3e Too Much Diversication 221
7-3f Managers Overly Focused on Acquisitions 221
7-3g Too Large 222
7-4 Eective Acquisitions 222
7-5 Restructuring 224
7-5a Downsizing 224
7-5b Downscoping 224
7-5c Leveraged Buyouts 225
7-5d Restructuring Outcomes 225
Summary 227 · Key Terms 228 · Review Questions 228 · Mini-Case 228 · Notes 230
8: International Strategy 236
Opening Case: Netix Ignites Growth Through International Expansion, But Such Growth Also Fires Up the Competition 237
8-1 Identifying International Opportunities 239
8-1a Incentives to Use International Strategy 239
8-1b Three Basic Benets of International Strategy 241
8-2 International Strategies 243
8-2a International Business-Level Strategy 243
8-2b International Corporate-Level Strategy 246
Strategic Focus: Furniture Giant IKEA’s Global Strategy 248
8-3 Environmental Trends 250
8-3a Liability of Foreignness 250
8-3b Regionalization 251
8-4 Choice of International Entry Mode 252
8-4a Exporting 253
8-4b Licensing 253
8-4c Strategic Alliances 254
8-4d Acquisitions 255
8-4e New Wholly Owned Subsidiary 256
8-4f Dynamics of Mode of Entry 257
8-5 Risks in an International Environment 258
8-5a Political Risks 258
8-5b Economic Risks 259
Strategic Focus: The Global Soccer Industry and the Eect of the FIFA Scandal 260
8-6 Strategic Competitiveness Outcomes 262
8-6a International Diversication and Returns 262
8-6b Enhanced Innovation 263
8-7 The Challenge of International Strategies 264
8-7a Complexity of Managing International Strategies 264
8-7b Limits to International Expansion 264
Summary 265 · Key Terms 266 · Review Questions 266 · Mini-Case 266 · Notes 268
9: Cooperative Strategy 276
Opening Case: Google, Intel, and Tag Heuer: Collaborating to Produce a Smartwatch 277
9-1 Strategic Alliances as a Primary Type of Cooperative Strategy 279
9-1a Types of Major Strategic Alliances 279
9-1b Reasons Firms Develop Strategic Alliances 281
9-2 Business-Level Cooperative Strategy 284
9-2a Complementary Strategic Alliances 284
9-2b Competition Response Strategy 286
9-2c Uncertainty-Reducing Strategy 287
9-2d Competition-Reducing Strategy 287
Strategic Focus: Strategic Alliances as the Foundation for Tesla Motors’ Operations 288
9-2e Assessing Business-Level Cooperative Strategies 290
9-3 Corporate-Level Cooperative Strategy 290
9-3a Diversifying Strategic Alliance 291
9-3b Synergistic Strategic Alliance 291
9-3c Franchising 291
9-3d Assessing Corporate-Level Cooperative Strategies 292
9-4 International Cooperative Strategy 292
9-5 Network Cooperative Strategy 293
9-5a Alliance Network Types 294
9-6 Competitive Risks with Cooperative Strategies 295
Strategic Focus: Failing to Obtain Desired Levels of Success with Cooperative Strategies 296
9-7 Managing Cooperative Strategies 297
Summary 299 · Key Terms 300 · Review Questions 300 · Mini-Case 300 · Notes 302
Part 3: Strategic Actions: Strategy Implementation 308
10: Corporate Governance 308
Opening Case: The Corporate Raiders of the 1980s Have Become the Activist Shareholders of Today 309
10-1 Separation of Ownership and Managerial Control 312
10-1a Agency Relationships 313
10-1b Product Diversication as an Example of an Agency Problem 314
10-1c Agency Costs and Governance Mechanisms 316
10-2 Ownership Concentration 317
10-2a The Increasing Inuence of Institutional Owners 318
10-3 Board of Directors 319
10-3a Enhancing the Eectiveness of the Board of Directors 321
10-3b Executive Compensation 322
10-3c The Eectiveness of Executive Compensation 323
Strategic Focus: Do CEOs Deserve the Large Compensation Packages They Receive? 324
10-4 Market for Corporate Control 325
10-4a Managerial Defense Tactics 326
10-5 International Corporate Governance 328
10-5a Corporate Governance in Germany and Japan 328
Strategic Focus: “Engagement” versus “Activist” Shareholders in Japan, Germany, and China 330
10-5b Corporate Governance in China 331
10-6 Governance Mechanisms and Ethical Behavior 332
Summary 333 · Key Terms 334 · Review Questions 334 · Mini-Case 335 · Notes 336
11: Organizational Structure and Controls 344
Opening Case: Luxottica’s Dual CEO Structure: A Key to Long-Term Success or a Cause for Concern? 345
11-1 Organizational Structure and Controls 347
11-1a Organizational Structure 347
Strategic Focus: Changing McDonald’s Organizational Structure: A Path to Improved Performance? 348
11-1b Organizational Controls 350
11-2 Relationships between Strategy and Structure 351
11-3 Evolutionary Patterns of Strategy and Organizational Structure 351
11-3a Simple Structure 352
11-3b Functional Structure 353
11-3c Multidivisional Structure 353
11-3d Matches between Business-Level Strategies and the Functional Structure 354
11-3e Matches between Corporate-Level Strategies and the Multidivisional Structure 357
Strategic Focus: Sony Corporation’s New Organizational Structure: Greater Financial Accountability and Focused Allocations of Resources 362
11-3f Matches between International Strategies and Worldwide Structure 365
11-3g Matches between Cooperative Strategies and Network Structures 369
11-4 Implementing Business-Level Cooperative Strategies 370
11-5 Implementing Corporate-Level Cooperative Strategies 371
11-6 Implementing International Cooperative Strategies 372
Summary 373 · Key Terms 373 · Review Questions 374 · Mini-Case 374 · Notes 375
12: Strategic Leadership 382
Opening Case: Can You Follow an Icon and Succeed? Apple and Tim Cook After Steve Jobs 383
12-1 Strategic Leadership and Style 384
12-2 The Role of Top-Level Managers 387
12-2a Top Management Teams 387
12-3 Managerial Succession 391
Strategic Focus: Trial by Fire: CEO Succession at General Motors 395
12-4 Key Strategic Leadership Actions 396
12-4a Determining Strategic Direction 396
12-4b Eectively Managing the Firm’s Resource Portfolio 397
Strategic Focus: All the Ways You Can Fail! 400
12-4c Sustaining an Eective Organizational Culture 401
12-4d Emphasizing Ethical Practices 402
12-4e Establishing Balanced Organizational Controls 403
Summary 406 · Key Terms 407 · Review Questions 407 · Mini-Case 407 · Notes 409
13: Strategic Entrepreneurship 416
Opening Case: Entrepreneurial Fervor and Innovation Drive Disney’s Success 417
13-1 Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Opportunities 419
13-2 Innovation 420
13-3 Entrepreneurs 420
13-4 International Entrepreneurship 421
13-5 Internal Innovation 422
13-5a Incremental and Novel Innovation 423
Strategic Focus: Innovation Can Be Quirky 425
13-5b Autonomous Strategic Behavior 426
13-5c Induced Strategic Behavior 427
13-6 Implementing Internal Innovations 427
13-6a Cross-Functional Product Development Teams 428
13-6b Facilitating Integration and Innovation 429
13-6c Creating Value from Internal Innovation 429
13-7 Innovation through Cooperative Strategies 430
13-8 Innovation through Acquisitions 431
Strategic Focus: What Explains the Lack of Innovation at American Express? Is It Hubris, Inertia, or Lack of Capability? 432
13-9 Creating Value through Strategic Entrepreneurship 433
Summary 435 · Key Terms 436 · Review Questions 436 · Mini-Case 436 · Notes 437
Part 4: Preparing an Eective Case Analysis C-1