第1章 系統(tǒng)論.............................................................................................................2
1.1 系統(tǒng)...................................................................................................................................................2
1.2 系統(tǒng)模型...........................................................................................................................................3
1.3 系統(tǒng)的分類.......................................................................................................................................4
1.4 系統(tǒng)學基本原理...............................................................................................................................6
小結(jié)............................................................................................................................................................9
習題............................................................................................................................................................9
第2章 信息論...........................................................................................................10
2.1 數(shù)據(jù)與信息.....................................................................................................................................10
2.2 信息的性質(zhì).....................................................................................................................................10
2.3 人類利用信息的過程......................................................................................................................12
2.4 信息的度量.....................................................................................................................................13
2.5 信息的分類.....................................................................................................................................15
2.6 信息的特點.....................................................................................................................................16
2.7 信息的用途.....................................................................................................................................16
2.8 信息與管理.....................................................................................................................................17
小結(jié)..........................................................................................................................................................17
習題..........................................................................................................................................................18
第3章 信息系統(tǒng)概論................................................................................................19
3.1 信息系統(tǒng).........................................................................................................................................19
3.2 信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展..............................................................................................................................20
3.3 信息系統(tǒng)的類型..............................................................................................................................21
3.4 信息系統(tǒng)和管理的關(guān)系..................................................................................................................23
3.5 MRP、MRP II 與 ERP ..................................................................................................................24
3.6 MIS 面臨的挑戰(zhàn)..............................................................................................................................26
3.7 信息系統(tǒng)案例研究..........................................................................................................................27
小結(jié)..........................................................................................................................................................27
習題..........................................................................................................................................................28
目 錄
Contents
II
第4章 信息資源管理................................................................................................29
4.1 信息資源管理的形成......................................................................................................................29
4.2 信息資源管理的含義......................................................................................................................31
4.2.1 信息與信息資源..................................................................................................................31
4.2.2 信息管理..............................................................................................................................32
4.2.3 信息資源管理的產(chǎn)生..........................................................................................................33
4.2.4 信息資源管理的含義..........................................................................................................34
4.3 信息資源管理的發(fā)展......................................................................................................................35
4.4 信息資源內(nèi)容管理..........................................................................................................................36
4.5 網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息資源管理..........................................................................................................................38
4.6 設(shè)立企業(yè)CIO .................................................................................................................................41
4.7 企業(yè)IT 治理...................................................................................................................................43
小結(jié)..........................................................................................................................................................48
習題..........................................................................................................................................................48
第二部分 信 息 系 統(tǒng)
第5章 管理信息系統(tǒng)................................................................................................52
5.1 管理信息系統(tǒng)的定義和概念..........................................................................................................52
5.1.1 管理信息系統(tǒng)的定義..........................................................................................................52
5.1.2 管理信息系統(tǒng)的要素..........................................................................................................53
5.1.3 MIS 的概念..........................................................................................................................53
5.1.4 管理信息系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)..........................................................................................................54
5.2 管理信息系統(tǒng)可行性分析..............................................................................................................55
5.2.1 可行性分析的目的和步驟..................................................................................................55
5.2.2 可行性研究報告..................................................................................................................57
5.3 管理信息系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃..........................................................................................................................57
5.4 信息系統(tǒng)開發(fā)方法..........................................................................................................................61
5.5 系統(tǒng)分析.........................................................................................................................................62
5.6 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計.........................................................................................................................................67
5.7 系統(tǒng)實施、評價與運行管理..........................................................................................................70
5.8 信息系統(tǒng)項目管理..........................................................................................................................71
5.9 業(yè)務(wù)流程再造案例研究..................................................................................................................74
小結(jié)..........................................................................................................................................................81
習題..........................................................................................................................................................82
第6章 決策支持系統(tǒng)................................................................................................83
6.1 管理與決策.....................................................................................................................................83
6.2 決策問題的類型..............................................................................................................................84
III
6.3 決策模型.........................................................................................................................................85
6.4 決策支持系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史..............................................................................................................85
6.5 決策支持技術(shù)的新進展..................................................................................................................86
6.6 決策支持系統(tǒng)詳解..........................................................................................................................87
6.6.1 決策支持系統(tǒng)的定義..........................................................................................................87
6.6.2 決策支持系統(tǒng)的原理..........................................................................................................88
6.6.3 決策支持系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展..........................................................................................................89
6.6.4 決策支持系統(tǒng)的功能..........................................................................................................89
6.6.5 決策支持系統(tǒng)的基本模式..................................................................................................90
6.6.6 決策支持系統(tǒng)的部件..........................................................................................................90
6.7 智能決策支持系統(tǒng)..........................................................................................................................91
6.8 群決策支持系統(tǒng)..............................................................................................................................93
6.9 新決策支持系統(tǒng)..............................................................................................................................95
6.10 綜合決策支持系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)................................................................................................................97
6.11 網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境的綜合決策支持系統(tǒng)....................................................................................................97
6.12 決策支持系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用案例研究........................................................................................................99
小結(jié)........................................................................................................................................................102
習題........................................................................................................................................................102
第7章 數(shù)據(jù)倉庫與聯(lián)機分析....................................................................................103
7.1 數(shù)據(jù)倉庫簡介...............................................................................................................................103
7.2 數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理...................................................................................................................................105
7.3 元數(shù)據(jù)...........................................................................................................................................107
7.4 數(shù)據(jù)組織.......................................................................................................................................108
7.5 數(shù)據(jù)倉庫工具——OLAP..............................................................................................................112
7.6 商務(wù)智能.......................................................................................................................................114
7.7 數(shù)據(jù)倉庫的應(yīng)用............................................................................................................................115
7.8 數(shù)據(jù)倉庫案例研究........................................................................................................................116
小結(jié)........................................................................................................................................................119
習題........................................................................................................................................................119
第8章 數(shù)據(jù)挖掘......................................................................................................120
8.1 數(shù)據(jù)挖掘的基本概念....................................................................................................................120
8.2 數(shù)據(jù)挖掘的過程............................................................................................................................121
8.3 數(shù)據(jù)挖掘的分類............................................................................................................................121
8.4 數(shù)據(jù)挖掘方法...............................................................................................................................122
8.4.1 神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)............................................................................................................................122
8.4.2 決策樹...............................................................................................................................124
8.4.3 關(guān)聯(lián)規(guī)則............................................................................................................................126
IV
8.4.4 聚類算法............................................................................................................................130
8.5 數(shù)據(jù)挖掘的應(yīng)用范圍....................................................................................................................132
8.6 數(shù)據(jù)挖掘案例研究........................................................................................................................133
小結(jié)........................................................................................................................................................146
習題........................................................................................................................................................147
第三部分 數(shù) 據(jù) 科 學
第9章 云計算.........................................................................................................150
9.1 云計算的出現(xiàn)...............................................................................................................................150
9.2 云計算概論...................................................................................................................................150
9.2.1 云計算的定義....................................................................................................................150
9.2.2 云計算的發(fā)展史................................................................................................................151
9.2.3 云計算的基本特征、部署模式、服務(wù)形態(tài)和判識標準................................................153
9.3 云計算關(guān)鍵技術(shù)............................................................................................................................154
9.3.1 云計算產(chǎn)生的基礎(chǔ)............................................................................................................154
9.3.2 云計算所涉及的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)................................................................................................155
9.4 云計算的意義...............................................................................................................................156
9.5 云計算對企業(yè)信息化的啟示........................................................................................................157
9.5.1 資源與資產(chǎn)的脫鉤以及資源的彈性配置........................................................................157
9.5.2 公共運行平臺的做大做強................................................................................................158
9.5.3 服務(wù)形態(tài)............................................................................................................................158
9.6 企業(yè)實施云計算的策略與方法....................................................................................................159
小結(jié)........................................................................................................................................................160
習題........................................................................................................................................................161
第10章 大數(shù)據(jù)及其應(yīng)用.........................................................................................162
10.1 大數(shù)據(jù)的概念..............................................................................................................................162
10.1.1 大數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)展..................................................................................................................162
10.1.2 大數(shù)據(jù)的分類..................................................................................................................163
10.2 大數(shù)據(jù)的特點..............................................................................................................................164
10.3 大數(shù)據(jù)的影響..............................................................................................................................164
10.4 大數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù).................................................................................................................................165
10.4.1 整體技術(shù)..........................................................................................................................165
10.4.2 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)..........................................................................................................................166
10.5 商業(yè)大數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用......................................................................................................................168
10.5.1 大數(shù)據(jù)的商業(yè)價值..........................................................................................................168
10.5.2 大數(shù)據(jù)與零售業(yè)的結(jié)合運用..........................................................................................170
10.5.3 大數(shù)據(jù)在零售企業(yè)實戰(zhàn)中的應(yīng)用案例..........................................................................171
V
10.6 大數(shù)據(jù)的趨勢..............................................................................................................................174
10.6.1 發(fā)展方向..........................................................................................................................174
10.6.2 發(fā)展趨勢..........................................................................................................................174
10.7 大數(shù)據(jù)的企業(yè)應(yīng)對策略..............................................................................................................175
10.8 大數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件Hadoop.............................................................................................................176
小結(jié)........................................................................................................................................................181
習題........................................................................................................................................................181
第11章 數(shù)據(jù)科學概論.............................................................................................182
11.1 數(shù)據(jù)科學與數(shù)據(jù)科學家..............................................................................................................182
11.1.1 關(guān)于大數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)科學..................................................................................................182
11.1.2 數(shù)據(jù)科學正在成長..........................................................................................................183
11.1.3 數(shù)據(jù)科學的出現(xiàn)..............................................................................................................184
11.1.4 數(shù)據(jù)化..............................................................................................................................184
11.1.5 數(shù)據(jù)科學的概念..............................................................................................................185
11.1.6 數(shù)據(jù)科學家......................................................................................................................187
11.1.7 數(shù)據(jù)科學家的類型..........................................................................................................188
11.2 探索性數(shù)據(jù)分析..........................................................................................................................190
11.2.1 大數(shù)據(jù)時代的統(tǒng)計思維..................................................................................................190
11.2.2 探索性數(shù)據(jù)分析..............................................................................................................197
11.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)科學處理過程..........................................................................................................199
11.2.4 探索性分析案例研究......................................................................................................201
11.3 算法.............................................................................................................................................204
11.3.1 機器學習算法..................................................................................................................204
11.3.2 三種基本算法..................................................................................................................205
11.3.3 線性回歸..........................................................................................................................206
11.3.4 k-近鄰（k-NN）算法....................................................................................................209
11.3.5 k-均值（k-Means）算法................................................................................................214
11.4 樸素貝葉斯算法..........................................................................................................................216
11.4.1 樸素貝葉斯......................................................................................................................217
11.4.2 單個單詞的垃圾郵件過濾器..........................................................................................217
11.4.3 含多個單詞的垃圾郵件過濾器：樸素貝葉斯..............................................................218
11.5 推送系統(tǒng).....................................................................................................................................219
11.5.1 普通推送算法介紹..........................................................................................................219
11.5.2 一個實際的推送引擎......................................................................................................222
11.6 數(shù)據(jù)可視化.................................................................................................................................222
11.6.1 數(shù)據(jù)可視化技術(shù)..............................................................................................................223
11.6.2 多維數(shù)據(jù)可視化..............................................................................................................225
11.6.3 數(shù)據(jù)儀表盤......................................................................................................................225
VI
小結(jié)........................................................................................................................................................229
習題........................................................................................................................................................229
第12章 R 語言基礎(chǔ)................................................................................................230
12.1 R語言簡介..................................................................................................................................230
12.2 R軟件安裝..................................................................................................................................230
12.3 R的函數(shù)......................................................................................................................................232
12.4 R語言語法簡述...........................................................................................................................234
12.5 R語言案例..................................................................................................................................236
小結(jié)........................................................................................................................................................237
習題........................................................................................................................................................237
參考文獻....................................................................................................................238