CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1.1 What is Analytical Chemistry
1.2 Steps in the Development of an Analytical Method
1.3 Classification of Quantitative Analytical Methods
1.3.1 Chemical Analysis
1.3.2 Instrumental Analysis
1.4 Principles of Volumetric Titration
1.4.1 Basic Terms
1.4.2 Requirements of Titration Reactions
1.4.3 Classification of Titration Processes
1.4.4 Primary Standards and Standard Solutions
1.4.5 Basic Apparatus in Chemical Analyses
1.5 Calculations in Volumetric Titration
1.5.1 Preparation of Standard Solutions
1.5.2 Titration Results CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1.1 What is Analytical Chemistry
1.2 Steps in the Development of an Analytical Method
1.3 Classification of Quantitative Analytical Methods
1.3.1 Chemical Analysis
1.3.2 Instrumental Analysis
1.4 Principles of Volumetric Titration
1.4.1 Basic Terms
1.4.2 Requirements of Titration Reactions
1.4.3 Classification of Titration Processes
1.4.4 Primary Standards and Standard Solutions
1.4.5 Basic Apparatus in Chemical Analyses
1.5 Calculations in Volumetric Titration
1.5.1 Preparation of Standard Solutions
1.5.2 Titration Results
CHAPTER 2 DATA ANALYSIS
2.1 Error and Classification
2.1.1 Accuracy and Precision
2.1.2 Errors and Deviation
2.1.3 Systematic and Random Errors
2.2 Distribution of Random Errors
2.2.1 Frequency Distribution
2.2.2 Normal Distribution
2.2.3 Predicting the Probability of Random Errors--Area under Gaussian Curve
2.3 Statistical Data Treatment
2.3.1 Estimation of Population Mean (μ) and Population Standard Deviation (α)
2.3.2 Confidence Interval for Population Mean
2.3.3 Statistical Aids to Hypothesis Testing
2.3.4 Detection of Gross Errors
2.4 Propagation of Error
2.4.1 Systematic Errors
2.4.2 Random Errors (Standard Deviation)
2.4.3 Maximum Errors (ER)
2.4.4 Distribution of Errors
2.5 Significant Figure Convention
2.5.1 Significant Figures
2.5.2 Numerical Rounding in Calculations
CHAPTER 3 ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM
3.1 Equilibrium Constants and Effect of Electrolytes
3.2 Acid-base Reactions and Equilibria
3.2.1 Acid and Base--Bronsted Concept
3.2.2 Dissociation of Acid or Base and Acid-base Equilibria
3.2.3 Magnitude of Dissociating Species at a Given pH： x-values
3.3 Solving Equilibrium Calculations Using pH Calculations as an Example
3.3.1 General Approaches (Systematic Approaches)
3.3.2 pH Calculations
3.4 Buffer Solutions
3.4.1 pH Calculations of Buffer Solutions
3.4.2 Buffer Capacity
3.4.3 Preparation of Buffers
CHAPTER 4 ACID-BASE TITRATION
4.1 Acid/Base Indicators
4.1.1 Principle
4.1.2 Examples
4.1.3 Titration Errors
4. 1.4 Factors Influencing Performance
4.2 Titration Curves and Selection of Indicators
4.2.1 Strong Acids (Bases)
4.2.2 Monoprotic Acids (Bases)
4.2.3 Strong and Weak Acids (Bases)
4.2.4 Polyfunctional Weak Acids (Bases)
4.2.5 Mixture of Weak Acids (Bases)
4.3 Titration Error Calculations
4.3.1 Strong Acids (Bases)
4.3.2 Monoprotic Weak Acids (Bases)
4.3.3 Polyfunctional Acids (Bases)
4.4 Preparation of Standard Solutions
4.4.1 Standard Acid Solutions
4.4.2 Standard Base Solutions
4.4.3 The Carbonate Error
4.5 Examples of Acid-base Titrations
4.5.1 Determination of Total Alkalinity
4.5.2 Determination of Nitrogen
4.5.3 Determination of Boric Acid
4.6 Acid-base Titrations in Non-aqueous Solvents
4.6.1 Non-aqueous Solvents
4.6.2 Examples of Non-aqueous Titrations
CHAPTER 5 COMPLEXATION REACTION AND COMPLEXOMETRIC TITRATION
CHAPTER 6 REDOX EQUILIBRIUM AND TITRATION
CHAPTER 7 PRECIPITATION EQUILIBRIUM, TITRATION, AND GRAVIMETRY
CHAPTER 8 SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
CHAPTER 9 INTRODUCTION TO ANALYTICAL SEPARATION
CHAPTER 10 SOLVING A REAL ANALYTICAL PR
OBLEM
APPENDICES
ANSWERS
INDEX
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS