Part One　Secretarial Writings Chapter 1　Note ............................................................................................................................ 3 1. Definition ............................................................................................................................. 3 2. Kinds of Notes ..................................................................................................................... 3 3. Examples of Notes/Signs ..................................................................................................... 3 4. Writing Assignment ............................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 2　Notice........................................................................................................................ 10 1. General Information ........................................................................................................... 10 2. The Writing Guide ............................................................................................................. 10 3. Model Expressions ............................................................................................................. 10 4. Examples of Various Notice............................................................................................... 11 5. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 3　Poster........................................................................................................................ 17 1. What’s a Poster ？ ............................................................................................................. 17 2. The Writing Instruction ...................................................................................................... 17 3. Examples of Posters ........................................................................................................... 17 4. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 4　Announcement ........................................................................................................ 19 1. General Information ........................................................................................................... 19 2. Model Expressions ............................................................................................................. 19 3. Examples of Various Announcements ............................................................................... 19 4. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 23 Chapter 5　Report ...................................................................................................................... 24 1. General Information ........................................................................................................... 24 2. Model Expressions ............................................................................................................. 24 3. Examples of Business Reports ........................................................................................... 24 4. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 27 Chapter 6 Memorandum (Memo) ............................................................................................ 28 1. Memo and the Structure ..................................................................................................... 28 2. About the Writing ............................................................................................................... 28 3. Examples of Memos ......................................................................................................... 28 4. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 30 Chapter 7 Agenda ...................................................................................................................... 31 1. Introduction of Agenda ...................................................................................................... 31 2. Examples of Agendas ......................................................................................................... 31 3. Some Expressions (of Amendments) ................................................................................. 33 Chapter 8 Minutes ..................................................................................................................... 34 1. Introduction of Minutes ..................................................................................................... 34 2. The Written Form of Minutes ............................................................................................ 34 3. Examples of Minutes ......................................................................................................... 34 4. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 36 Chapter 9 Application ................................................................................................................ 37 1. Tips of Writing a Job Application ..................................................................................... 37 2. How to Write an Application Effectively ........................................................................... 37 3. Examples of Applications .................................................................................................. 38 4. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 10 Résumé .................................................................................................................... 43 1. Introduction of Résumé ..................................................................................................... 43 2. Examples of Résumés ........................................................................................................ 44 3. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 46 Chapter 11 Recommendation .................................................................................................... 47 1. The Contents Involved ....................................................................................................... 47 2. The Usual Sentences in the Letter ..................................................................................... 47 3. Letter of Self-Recommendation ......................................................................................... 47 4. Examples of Recommendations ......................................................................................... 47 Chapter 12 Letter of Introduction ............................................................................................ 50 1. Two Kinds of Introduction Letters ..................................................................................... 50 2. The Beginning Words of the Letter .................................................................................... 50 3. Examples of Offi cial Letters .............................................................................................. 51 4. Examples of Personal Letters ............................................................................................ 52 5. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 52 Chapter 13 Certifi cate ............................................................................................................... 53 1. Introduction of Certifi cate .................................................................................................. 53 2. The Usual Expressions ....................................................................................................... 53 3. Examples of Certifi cates .................................................................................................... 53 4. About Notarial Certifi cates ................................................................................................ 55 5. Commercial Certifi cates .................................................................................................... 56 6. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 58 Chapter 14 Letter of Resignation ............................................................................................. 59 1. About the Writing ............................................................................................................... 59 2. Example of a Letter of Resignation ................................................................................... 59 3. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 59 Chapter 15 Advertisement......................................................................................................... 60 1. Language Characteristics ................................................................................................... 60 2. Ads. in Purchases and Sales (with Chinese Translation) ................................................... 64 3. Ads. for Vacancy ................................................................................................................ 65 4. Usual Abbreviations in Ads. .............................................................................................. 66 5. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 66 Chapter 16 Letter of Invitation ................................................................................................. 67 1. The Writing Skill................................................................................................................ 67 2. Expressions in Different Situation ..................................................................................... 67 3. Examples of Exhibition Invitations and Acknowledgements ............................................ 68 4. Invitation Cards .................................................................................................................. 69 5. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 70 Chapter 17 Letter of Congratulation ....................................................................................... 71 1. The Writing of the Letter ................................................................................................... 71 2. Patterns and Expressions ................................................................................................... 71 3. Examples of Letters of Congratulation .............................................................................. 71 4. Writing Assignment ........................................................................................................... 72 5. Greeting Card ..................................................................................................................... 72 Chapter 18 Others ...................................................................................................................... 73 1. University Codes of Behavior—More Information ........................................................... 73 2. Course Work ...................................................................................................................... 74 3. Tips to Keep Your Instructors Happy ................................................................................ 74 Part Two　Academic Paper Writing Chapter 1　Ways of Preparation ............................................................................................... 77 Chapter 2　 ................................................................................................................................. 79 1. Learning Objectives ........................................................................................................... 79 2. General Features ................................................................................................................ 79 3. Major Sections ................................................................................................................... 79 4. Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................. 90 5. Reference/Bibliography ..................................................................................................... 91 Part Three Business Letters Chapter 1　Sales Promotion ....................................................................................................... 97 1. The Purpose of Writing “Sales Letters” ............................................................................. 97 2. How to Write a Good Sales Letter? ................................................................................... 97 3. Examples of Sales Letters .................................................................................................. 97 4. Useful Sentences on Sales Promotion ............................................................................... 99 Chapter 2 Ordering ................................................................................................................. 100 1. What’s an Order? ............................................................................................................. 100 2. The Quality of an Order/an Order-Letter ......................................................................... 100 3. Examples of Ordering ...................................................................................................... 100 4. Useful Sentences on Ordering ......................................................................................... 102 Chapter 3 Urging, Examining and Amending L/C ............................................................... 103 1. Urging the Establishment of L/C ..................................................................................... 103 2. Examining and Amending L/C ........................................................................................ 105 Chapter 4 Complaints, Disputes and Claims ........................................................................ 108 1. Why Do the Complaints Arise? ....................................................................................... 108 2. How to Write a Complaint or Claim Letter? .................................................................... 108 3. How to Write Letters Concerning Disputes? ................................................................... 108 4. Examples of Correspondence （Letters of Complaints, Disputes and Claims） ........... 108 5. Useful Sentences on Complaints, Disputes and Claims .................................................. 111 6. Some Terms Used in Complaints, Disputes and Claims .................................................. 112 7. Exercises .......................................................................................................................... 113 Part Four Contractual Writing and Translation Chapter 1 What’s a Contract ？ ............................................................................................. 117 Chapter 2 The Structure of a Contract .................................................................................. 118 1. Preamble of a Contract .................................................................................................... 118 2. Body of a Contract ........................................................................................................... 118 3. Witness/Final Clause of a Contract .................................................................................. 120 4. The General Clauses Involved in a Contract Summed Up .............................................. 121 Chapter 3 Letter of Credit ...................................................................................................... 122 1. The Defi nition of L/C....................................................................................................... 122 2. Kinds of L/Cs ................................................................................................................... 122 3. The Contents Involved in an L/C ..................................................................................... 125 4. Useful Sentences on L/C .................................................................................................. 129 5. Examples of 9 Kinds of L/Cs ........................................................................................... 131 6. Shipping Documents Required under L/C ....................................................................... 143 Chapter 4 Stylistic Features of Contractual Writing ............................................................ 164 1. Using Archaic Words ....................................................................................................... 164 2. Using Capitalization ........................................................................................................ 166 3. “Shall” in Legal English .................................................................................................. 167 4. “Should” in Legal English ............................................................................................... 167 5. Using Formal Words and Phrases .................................................................................... 167 6. Using Pairs of Synonyms ................................................................................................. 169 7. Using “Include” and the Like .......................................................................................... 169 8. Using “ONLY” ................................................................................................................. 169 Chapter 5 About Contractual Translation ............................................................................. 170 1. Specifi c Criteria for Contractual Translation ................................................................... 170 2. Confusing Synonyms ....................................................................................................... 170 3. More Examples of Words with Multi-interpretations ...................................................... 171 4. Exercises .......................................................................................................................... 176 Chapter 6 Translation of the Frequent Clauses in a Contract ............................................. 177 1—16. Clauses and Their Translations ................................................................................ 177 17. Exercises ........................................................................................................................ 186 Chapter 7 Contracts and Agreements .................................................................................... 189 1. Sales and Purchase Contracts .......................................................................................... 189 2. Sales Agency Agreement ................................................................................................. 199 3. Consignment Agreement .................................................................................................. 204 4. Compensation Trade Contract ......................................................................................... 206 Appendices Ⅰ. Reference Key to Writing Assignments ............................................................................. 213 Ⅱ. Reference Key to Part Four, Chapter 6 ............................................................................. 218 Ⅲ. Reference Translation of Some Contracts (Part Four, Chapter 7) ................................. 220 Ⅳ. A List of Abbreviations and Simplifi ed Words Commonly Used in Trading Documents ............................................................................................................. 223 Ⅴ. Frequent Words and Phrases in Foreign Trade ............................................................... 228 Ⅵ. References .................................................................................................................................... 234