緒論　認(rèn)識編程全過程.......................................................... 1
一　什么是編程？ ........................................................................2
（一）什么是程序？ ..............................................................2
（二）編程基本過程 ..............................................................3
二　如何學(xué)習(xí)編程？ ....................................................................6
（一）學(xué)習(xí)算法設(shè)計 ..............................................................6
（二）學(xué)習(xí)編程語言 ..............................................................9
（三）學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................10
（四）了解內(nèi)存結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................13
本章小結(jié) ......................................................................................16
問與答 ..........................................................................................16
第一章　初識Scratch 編程................................................. 19
1.1　Scratch 介紹 ........................................................................20
1.1.1　Scratch 簡介 ...........................................................20
1.1.2　編程熱身 ................................................................20
1.2　Scratch 基本約定 ................................................................22
1.2.1　位置約定 ................................................................22
1.2.2　方向約定 ................................................................23
1.2.3　讀取位置和方向數(shù)值的指令 ................................26
1.3　Scratch 流程控制 ................................................................27
1.3.1　順序結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................27
1.3.2　選擇結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................27
1.3.3　循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................30
本章小結(jié) ......................................................................................32
問與答 ..........................................................................................32
第二章　《俄羅斯方塊游戲》需求分析..................................33
2.1　構(gòu)思游戲功能 .....................................................................34
2.1.1　廣泛借鑒 ................................................................34
2.1.2　形成想法 ................................................................35
2.2　確定游戲規(guī)則 .....................................................................36
2.2.1　描述游戲功能 ........................................................36
2.2.2　確定游戲規(guī)則 ........................................................37
2.3　游戲角色分析 .....................................................................38
2.3.1　方塊角色分析 ........................................................38
2.3.2　其他角色分析 ........................................................39
2.3.3　呈現(xiàn)分析結(jié)果 ........................................................41
2.4　認(rèn)識角色造型 .....................................................................42
2.4.1　角色造型 ................................................................42
2.4.2　造型中心點 ............................................................43
本章小結(jié) ......................................................................................48
問與答 ..........................................................................................48
第三章　《俄羅斯方塊游戲》總體設(shè)計..................................49
3.1　游戲總體設(shè)計 .....................................................................50
3.1.1　功能模塊設(shè)計 ........................................................50
3.1.2　人機交互設(shè)計 ........................................................51
3.2　基本元素設(shè)計 .....................................................................54
3.2.1　界面設(shè)計 ................................................................55
3.2.2　造型設(shè)計 ................................................................56
3.2.3　變量設(shè)計 ................................................................56
3.2.4　變量類型 ................................................................57
本章小結(jié) ......................................................................................62
問與答 ..........................................................................................62
第四章　《俄羅斯方塊游戲》素材準(zhǔn)備..................................63
4.1　繪制游戲界面 .....................................................................64
4.1.1　繪制說明界面 ........................................................64
4.1.2　繪制網(wǎng)格界面 ........................................................67
4.1.3　建立結(jié)束界面 ........................................................74
4.2　建立角色造型 .....................................................................75
4.2.1　繪制L 造型 ...........................................................75
4.2.2　建立其他方塊 ........................................................77
本章小結(jié) ......................................................................................80
問與答 ..........................................................................................80
第五章　編程實現(xiàn)——方塊隨機出現(xiàn)..................................... 81
5.1　方塊對齊網(wǎng)格 .....................................................................82
5.1.1　界面切換 ................................................................82
5.1.2　方塊設(shè)置 ................................................................84
5.2　方塊隨機出現(xiàn) .....................................................................87
5.2.1　關(guān)聯(lián)知識 ................................................................87
5.2.2　編程實現(xiàn) ................................................................89
本章小結(jié) ......................................................................................93
問與答 ..........................................................................................93
第六章　編程實現(xiàn)——方塊逐格下落.....................................95
6.1　正常速度下落 .....................................................................96
6.1.1　分析與設(shè)計 ............................................................96
6.1.2　關(guān)聯(lián)知識 ................................................................97
6.1.3　編程實現(xiàn) ................................................................99
6.1.4　運行程序 ..............................................................100
6.2　改變下落速度 ...................................................................103
6.2.1　分析與設(shè)計 ..........................................................103
6.2.2　關(guān)聯(lián)知識 ..............................................................103
6.2.3　編程實現(xiàn) ..............................................................107
6.2.4　程序段復(fù)用 ..........................................................108
本章小結(jié) .................................................................................... 110
問與答 ........................................................................................ 110
第七章　編程實現(xiàn)——左右移動及造型切換........................... 111
7.1　方塊左右移動 ................................................................... 112
7.1.1　分析和設(shè)計 .......................................................... 112
7.1.2　編程實現(xiàn) .............................................................. 113
7.1.3　測試程序 .............................................................. 115
7.2　方塊造型切換 ................................................................... 116
7.2.1　分析與設(shè)計 .......................................................... 116
7.2.2　編程實現(xiàn) .............................................................. 118
7.3　程序綜合測試 ................................................................... 119
7.3.1　造型越界問題 ......................................................120
7.3.2　CPU 執(zhí)行過程 .....................................................121
本章小結(jié) ....................................................................................126
問與答 ........................................................................................126
第八章　編程實現(xiàn)——下一個方塊出現(xiàn)................................ 127
8.1　方塊下落的穿越問題 .......................................................128
8.1.1　分析和設(shè)計 ..........................................................128
8.1.2　編程實現(xiàn) ..............................................................130
8.2　下一個方塊出現(xiàn) ...............................................................134
8.2.1　分析與設(shè)計 ..........................................................134
8.2.2　編程實現(xiàn) ..............................................................135
8.3　下一個方塊預(yù)先顯示 .......................................................137
8.3.1　分析與設(shè)計 ..........................................................137
8.3.2　編程實現(xiàn) ..............................................................137
8.3.3　測試程序 ..............................................................139
本章小結(jié) ....................................................................................142
問與答 ........................................................................................142
第九章　編程實現(xiàn)——判斷滿行與消行................................ 143
9.1　判斷滿行 ...........................................................................144
9.1.1　滿行特點 ..............................................................144
9.1.2　檢查過程分析 ......................................................145
9.1.3　編程實現(xiàn) ..............................................................146
9.2　消除滿行 ...........................................................................148
9.2.1　動畫實現(xiàn)原理 ......................................................149
9.2.2　消行過程分析 ......................................................150
9.2.3　流程設(shè)計 ..............................................................153
9.2.4　編程實現(xiàn) ..............................................................158
本章小結(jié) ....................................................................................160
問與答 ........................................................................................160
第十章　項目功能擴展.......................................................161
10.1　統(tǒng)計得分和計時 .............................................................162
10.1.1　統(tǒng)計得分 ............................................................162
10.1.2　計時功能 ............................................................163
10.1.3　進度條遞減 ........................................................166
10.2　游戲暫停和結(jié)束 .............................................................169
10.2.1　游戲暫停/ 繼續(xù) .................................................169
10.2.2　游戲結(jié)束 ............................................................171
10.3　其他功能實現(xiàn) .................................................................173
10.3.1　添加聲音效果 ....................................................173
10.3.2　視頻偵測控制 ....................................................175
本章小結(jié) ....................................................................................178
問與答 ........................................................................................179
第十一章　項目測試與完善.................................................181
11.1　方塊卡住問題解決 ..........................................................182
11.1.1　原因分析 ............................................................182
11.1.2　問題解決 ............................................................183
11.2　程序優(yōu)化提高性能 ..........................................................185
11.2.1　執(zhí)行次數(shù)分析 ....................................................185
11.2.2　運行時間驗證 ....................................................187
11.2.3　綜合分析選用 ....................................................188
11.3　“編程畫網(wǎng)格”方案 ......................................................189
11.3.1　繪制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)格 ....................................................189
11.3.2　邊界處理及消行 ................................................191
11.3.3　常用調(diào)試技巧 ....................................................193
本章小結(jié) ....................................................................................195
問與答 ........................................................................................195
附錄A　繪制腦圖............................................................. 196
一　繪制思維導(dǎo)圖 ....................................................................196
二　繪制流程圖 ........................................................................197
附錄B　矢量圖和位圖...................................................... 199