歐拉致德國(guó)公主的書信:關(guān)于自然哲學(xué)的不同學(xué)科(第2卷 英文版) [Letters of Euler on Different Subjects in Natural Philosophy:Addressed to a German Princess Volume 2]
定 價(jià):99 元
- 作者:(瑞士)萊昂哈德·歐拉(Leonhard Euler)著
- 出版時(shí)間:2019/1/1
- ISBN:9787040510706
- 出 版 社:高等教育出版社
- 中圖法分類:N02
- 頁碼:273
- 紙張:膠版紙
- 版次:1
- 開本:16K
18世紀(jì)60年代,著名數(shù)學(xué)家歐拉應(yīng)邀為德國(guó)公主函授哲學(xué)、物理學(xué)、宇宙學(xué)、化學(xué)、音樂等多個(gè)科學(xué)和藝術(shù)分支的知識(shí)。為此他寫下了一系列文筆優(yōu)美的文章,它們充分體現(xiàn)了歐拉淵博的知識(shí)、極高的文學(xué)修養(yǎng)和哲學(xué)修養(yǎng)。這些通信被整理成書并翻譯成英文,分兩卷出版,本卷收錄了119篇文章。
歐拉(Leonhard Euler,1707-1783),瑞士數(shù)學(xué)家,自然科學(xué)家。1707年4月15日生于瑞士巴塞爾,1783年9月18日去世于俄國(guó)圣彼得堡。15歲在巴塞爾大學(xué)獲學(xué)士學(xué)位,翌年獲碩士學(xué)位。父親希望他學(xué)神學(xué),而他最感興趣的是數(shù)學(xué),并受到約翰第一。伯努利的指導(dǎo)。18歲時(shí),徹底放棄當(dāng)牧師的念頭而專攻數(shù)學(xué),并開始發(fā)表文章。1727年,歐拉應(yīng)圣彼得堡科學(xué)院的邀請(qǐng)到俄國(guó)。1731年接替丹尼爾第一。伯努利成為物理教授。他以旺盛的精力投入研究,在俄國(guó)的14年中,他在分析學(xué)、數(shù)論和力學(xué)方面做了大量出色的工作。他還應(yīng)俄國(guó)政府的要求,解決不少諸如地圖學(xué)、造船業(yè)中的實(shí)際問題。大量的寫作帶來的眼疾使他在1735年右眼失明。1741年受普魯士腓特烈大帝的邀請(qǐng)到柏林科學(xué)院工作,達(dá)25年之久。在柏林期間他的研究?jī)?nèi)容更加廣泛,涉及行星運(yùn)動(dòng)、剛體運(yùn)動(dòng)、熱力學(xué)、彈道學(xué)、人口學(xué),這些工作和他的數(shù)學(xué)研究相互推動(dòng)。歐拉這個(gè)時(shí)期在微分方程、曲面微分幾何以及其他數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究都是開創(chuàng)性的。1766年他又回到了圣彼得堡。一場(chǎng)重病使他的左眼于1771年也完全失明。然而由于他驚人的記憶力和心算技巧使他的創(chuàng)造力繼續(xù)得到發(fā)揮,他通過與助手們討論以及直接口授等方式又完成了大量科學(xué)著作,直至生命的最后一刻。
LETTER I. Continuation of the Subject, and of Mistakes in the Knowledge of Truth
LETTER II. First Class of Known Truths. Conviction That Things Exist Externally, Corresponding to the Ideas Represented by the Senses, Objection of the Pyrrhonists Reply
LETTER III. Another Objection of the Pyrrhonists against the Certainty of Truths Perceived by the Senses. Reply; and Precautions for Attaining Assurance of Sensible Truths
LETTER IV. Of Demonstrative, Physical, and Particularly of Moral Certainty
LETTER V. Remarks that the Senses Contribute to the Increase of Knowledge; and Precautions for Acquiring the Certainty of Historical Truths
LETTER VI. Whether the Essence of Bodies be Known by Us
LETTER VII. The True Notion of Extension
LETTER VIII. Divisibility of Extension in Infinitum
LETTER IX. Whether This Divisibility in Infinitum Takes Place in Existing Bodies
LETTER X. Of Monads
LETTER XI. Refiections on Divisibility in Infinitum, and on Monads
LETTER XII. Reply to the Objections of the Monadists to Divisibility in Infinitum
LETTER XIII. Principle of the Sufficient Reason, the Strongest Support of the Monadists
LETTER XIV. Another Argument of the Monadists, Derived from the Principle of the Sufficient Reason. Absurdities Resulting from It
LETTER XV. Reflections on the System of Monads
LETTER XVI. Continuation
LETTER XVII. Conclusion of Reflections on This System
LETTER XVIII. Elucidation Respecting the Nature of Colours
LETTER XIX. Reflections on the Analogy between Colours and Sounds
LETTER XX. Continuation
LETTER XXI. How Opaque Bodies are Rendered Visible
LETTER XXII. The Wonders of the Human Voice
LETTER XXIII. A Summary of the Principal Phenomena of Electricity
LETTER XXIV. The True Principle of Nature on Which Are Founded All the Phenomeria of Electricity
LETTER XXV. Continuation. Different Nature of Bodies Relatively to Electricity
LETTER XXVI. On the Same Subject
LETTER XXVII. Of Positive and Negative Electricity.Explanation of the Phenomenon of Attraction
LETTER XXVIII. On the Same Subject
LETTER XXIX. On the Electric Atmosphere
LETTER XXX. Communication of Electricity to a Bar of iron, by Means of a Globe of Glass
LETTER XXXL Electrization of Men and Animals