第1 章 物流運(yùn)輸管理概論 ················································································· 1 1.1 物流運(yùn)輸管理基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) ··········································································· 1 1.1.1 運(yùn)輸?shù)亩�義及特征 ········································································ 1 1.1.2 物流運(yùn)輸相關(guān)概念及特點(diǎn) ······························································· 3 1.1.3 運(yùn)輸?shù)墓δ芘c原理 ········································································ 4 1.1.4 企業(yè)運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的含義及要素 ···························································· 6 1.1.5 企業(yè)運(yùn)輸管理的任務(wù) ····································································· 8 1.2 運(yùn)輸方式的分類及特性 ··········································································· 9 1.2.1 運(yùn)輸方式的分類 ··········································································· 9 1.2.2 各種運(yùn)輸方式的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)特性 ························································ 11 1.3 運(yùn)輸成本、運(yùn)價(jià)及運(yùn)費(fèi) ·········································································· 13 1.3.1 運(yùn)輸成本的構(gòu)成 ·········································································· 13 1.3.2 運(yùn)價(jià)特點(diǎn) ··················································································· 14 1.3.3 運(yùn)價(jià)結(jié)構(gòu) ··················································································· 14 1.3.4 運(yùn)費(fèi) ························································································· 16 1.4 運(yùn)輸?shù)牡匚缓鸵饬x ················································································ 16 1.4.1 運(yùn)輸在現(xiàn)代物流中的地位 ······························································ 16 1.4.2 運(yùn)輸發(fā)展的意義 ·········································································· 17 1.5 運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展歷史及趨勢(shì) ·········································································· 21 1.5.1 運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展歷史 ·········································································· 21 1.5.2 我國(guó)運(yùn)輸發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ······································································· 23 第2 章 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)與政策··················································································· 30 2.1 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)概述······················································································ 30 2.1.1 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)的含義及其構(gòu)成 ······························································ 30 2.1.2 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)的特征及類型 ································································· 33 2.1.3 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)環(huán)境 ············································································· 35 2.1.4 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)管理 ············································································· 36 2.2 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)需求 ····················································································· 37 2.2.1 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)需求的含義及特點(diǎn) ··························································· 37 2.2.2 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)需求的影響因素 ······························································ 39 2.2.3 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)需求彈性 ······································································ 40 2.3 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)供給 ····················································································· 44 2.3.1 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)供給的含義及特點(diǎn) ··························································· 44 2.3.2 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)供給的影響因素 ······························································ 45 2.3.3 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)供給彈性 ······································································ 45 2.3.4 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)供給與需求之間的關(guān)系 ····················································· 47 2.4 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)管理政策 ··············································································· 48 2.4.1 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)管理政策的含義及類別 ····················································· 48 2.4.2 法律類運(yùn)輸政策 ········································································· 49 2.4.3 行政類運(yùn)輸政策 ········································································· 50 第3 章 公路運(yùn)輸 ··························································································· 54 3.1 公路運(yùn)輸概述 ····················································································· 54 3.1.1 運(yùn)輸工具 ·················································································· 54 3.1.2 運(yùn)輸設(shè)施 ·················································································· 55 3.1.3 運(yùn)輸組織形式 ············································································ 57 3.2 公路整車(chē)運(yùn)輸 ····················································································· 58 3.2.1 公路整車(chē)運(yùn)輸?shù)臈l件及特點(diǎn) ··························································· 58 3.2.2 公路整車(chē)運(yùn)輸組織方法 ································································ 59 3.2.3 整車(chē)甩掛運(yùn)輸 ············································································ 60 3.3 公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸 ····················································································· 63 3.3.1 公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸?shù)臈l件及特點(diǎn) ··························································· 63 3.3.2 公路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸組織形式 ································································ 64 3.3.3 零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)流程 ······································································ 67 3.4 公路運(yùn)輸生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃 ··············································································· 68 3.4.1 公路運(yùn)輸生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃的含義及任務(wù) ····················································· 68 3.4.2 公路運(yùn)輸生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃的編制 ······························································ 69 3.4.3 車(chē)輛運(yùn)行作業(yè)計(jì)劃的編制 ······························································ 70 3.5 公路運(yùn)輸成本 ····················································································· 71 3.5.1 公路運(yùn)輸成本的構(gòu)成及特點(diǎn) ··························································· 71 3.5.2 影響運(yùn)輸成本的因素 ··································································· 73 3.5.3 降低運(yùn)輸成本的策略 ··································································· 74 第4 章 鐵路運(yùn)輸 ··························································································· 79 4.1 鐵路運(yùn)輸概述 ····················································································· 79 4.1.1 運(yùn)輸工具 ·················································································· 79 4.1.2 運(yùn)輸設(shè)施 ·················································································· 80 4.1.3 鐵路運(yùn)輸組織形式 ······································································ 81 4.2 鐵路整車(chē)運(yùn)輸······················································································ 82 4.2.1 鐵路整車(chē)運(yùn)輸?shù)臈l件及特點(diǎn) ··························································· 82 4.2.2 鐵路整車(chē)運(yùn)輸組織方法 ································································· 83 4.3 鐵路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸······················································································ 85 4.3.1 鐵路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸?shù)臈l件及特點(diǎn) ··························································· 85 4.3.2 鐵路零擔(dān)運(yùn)輸組織方法 ································································· 86 4.4 鐵路運(yùn)輸作業(yè)流程 ················································································ 88 4.4.1 貨物的托運(yùn) ················································································ 88 4.4.2 貨物的受理 ················································································ 88 4.4.3 貨物的承運(yùn) ················································································ 89 4.4.4 貨物的裝卸 ················································································ 89 4.4.5 貨物的途中作業(yè) ·········································································· 89 4.4.6 貨物的到達(dá)、領(lǐng)取 ······································································· 90 4.5 鐵路貨運(yùn)改革與創(chuàng)新 ············································································· 90 4.5.1 貨運(yùn)改革背景 ············································································· 90 4.5.2 貨運(yùn)改革內(nèi)容及業(yè)務(wù) ···································································· 91 4.5.3 新鐵路零擔(dān)貨物運(yùn)輸 ···································································· 92 4.5.4 鐵路門(mén)到門(mén)運(yùn)輸 ·········································································· 93 4.5.5 高鐵快遞 ··················································································· 95 4.6 鐵路運(yùn)輸成本······················································································ 96 4.6.1 鐵路運(yùn)輸成本的構(gòu)成及特點(diǎn) ··························································· 96 4.6.2 影響運(yùn)輸成本的因素 ···································································· 97 4.6.3 降低運(yùn)輸成本的途徑 ···································································· 98 第5 章 水路運(yùn)輸 ··························································································103 5.1 水路運(yùn)輸概述·····················································································103 5.1.1 運(yùn)輸工具 ··················································································103 5.1.2 運(yùn)輸航線 ··················································································105 5.1.3 港口 ························································································107 5.1.4 港口企業(yè)及其營(yíng)運(yùn)方式 ································································ 110 5.2 班輪運(yùn)輸 ·························································································· 111 5.2.1 班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)母拍罴疤攸c(diǎn) ································································ 111 5.2.2 班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)臉I(yè)務(wù)程序 ··································································· 112 5.2.3 貨物交付方式 ············································································ 113 5.2.4 班輪運(yùn)輸主要單證 ······································································ 114 5.3 租船運(yùn)輸 ·························································································· 116 5.3.1 租船運(yùn)輸?shù)母拍罴捌涮攸c(diǎn) ····························································· 116 5.3.2 租船運(yùn)輸?shù)姆诸?········································································· 117 5.3.3 租船運(yùn)輸?shù)臉I(yè)務(wù)程序 ··································································· 118 5.4 水路運(yùn)輸價(jià)格與成本 ············································································120 5.4.1 班輪運(yùn)價(jià)的特點(diǎn) ·········································································120 5.4.2 班輪運(yùn)價(jià)的分類 ········································································ 121 5.4.3 租船運(yùn)價(jià) ················································································· 123 5.4.4 水路運(yùn)輸成本類別及特點(diǎn) ····························································· 123 5.4.5 水路運(yùn)輸成本控制內(nèi)容及策略 ······················································· 124 第6 章 航空運(yùn)輸 ·························································································· 130 6.1 航空運(yùn)輸概述 ···················································································· 130 6.1.1 運(yùn)輸工具 ················································································· 130 6.1.2 運(yùn)輸線路 ················································································· 131 6.1.3 航空港 ···················································································· 132 6.1.4 航空運(yùn)輸相關(guān)企業(yè) ····································································· 134 6.1.5 航空運(yùn)輸企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程 ······························································· 135 6.2 航空運(yùn)輸營(yíng)運(yùn)方式與組織方法 ······························································· 136 6.2.1 航空運(yùn)輸營(yíng)運(yùn)方式 ····································································· 136 6.2.2 航空運(yùn)輸組織方法 ····································································· 137 6.3 航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)程序及運(yùn)單 ····································································· 140 6.3.1 航空運(yùn)輸?shù)臉I(yè)務(wù)程序 ·································································· 140 6.3.2 航空運(yùn)單 ················································································· 142 6.4 航空運(yùn)輸企業(yè)運(yùn)輸價(jià)格與成本 ······························································· 144 6.4.1 公布直達(dá)運(yùn)價(jià) ··········································································· 144 6.4.2 非公布直達(dá)運(yùn)價(jià) ········································································ 146 6.4.3 航空運(yùn)輸成本的構(gòu)成及特點(diǎn) ·························································· 147 6.4.4 航空運(yùn)輸企業(yè)成本控制的方法 ······················································· 148 第7 章 國(guó)際運(yùn)輸 ·························································································· 153 7.1 國(guó)際運(yùn)輸概述 ···················································································· 153 7.1.1 國(guó)際運(yùn)輸?shù)奶攸c(diǎn) ········································································ 153 7.1.2 國(guó)際運(yùn)輸?shù)年P(guān)系方 ····································································· 154 7.1.3 國(guó)際運(yùn)輸?shù)姆绞?········································································ 155 7.2 國(guó)際貨物多式聯(lián)運(yùn) ·············································································· 157 7.2.1 國(guó)際多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的含義及特征 ·························································· 157 7.2.2 集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)奶攸c(diǎn) ····································································· 158 7.2.3 集裝箱的定義、分類及標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ·························································· 158 7.2.4 國(guó)際多式聯(lián)運(yùn)的組織形式 ····························································· 162 7.2.5 國(guó)際多式聯(lián)運(yùn)經(jīng)營(yíng)人及其責(zé)任形式 ················································· 163 7.3 國(guó)際運(yùn)輸流程及規(guī)則 ··········································································· 164 7.3.1 國(guó)際運(yùn)輸?shù)臉I(yè)務(wù)流程 ·································································· 164 7.3.2 國(guó)際集裝箱多式聯(lián)運(yùn)流程及交接方式 ·············································· 166 7.3.3 國(guó)際運(yùn)輸公約與規(guī)則 ·································································· 167 7.4 國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸代理 ·············································································· 171 7.4.1 國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸代理企業(yè)的含義及設(shè)立條件 ········································ 171 7.4.2 國(guó)際貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍、服務(wù)對(duì)象及服務(wù)內(nèi)容 ·························172 7.4.3 國(guó)際貨運(yùn)代理企業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)流程 ·······················································174 第8 章 特種品運(yùn)輸 ·······················································································179 8.1 危險(xiǎn)品運(yùn)輸 ·······················································································179 8.1.1 危險(xiǎn)品的定義、分類及確認(rèn) ··························································179 8.1.2 危險(xiǎn)品運(yùn)輸法規(guī)及要求 ································································182 8.1.3 運(yùn)輸企業(yè)資質(zhì)及流程規(guī)范 ·····························································184 8.2 超限品運(yùn)輸 ·······················································································188 8.2.1 超限品的概念及特殊性 ································································188 8.2.2 公路超限運(yùn)輸?shù)囊?guī)范與管理 ··························································190 8.2.3 超限運(yùn)輸流程規(guī)范 ······································································193 8.3 鮮活易腐品運(yùn)輸 ··················································································195 8.3.1 鮮活貨物及其運(yùn)輸特點(diǎn) ································································195 8.3.2 鮮活易腐品保藏和運(yùn)輸?shù)姆椒?·······················································196 8.3.3 鮮活易腐品的運(yùn)輸組織方式及要求 ·················································197 8.3.4 冷鏈運(yùn)輸 ··················································································199 8.4 貴重物品運(yùn)輸·····················································································199 8.4.1 貴重物品的定義 ·········································································199 8.4.2 貴重物品的收運(yùn)要求 ···································································200 8.4.3 貴重物品運(yùn)輸監(jiān)管與安全管理 ·······················································201 第9 章 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷管理 ···············································································206 9.1 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷概述 ···············································································206 9.1.1 運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)品的整體概念及特點(diǎn) ··························································206 9.1.2 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的含義及特點(diǎn) ··························································209 9.1.3 運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷管理的內(nèi)容 ·····························································210 9.2 運(yùn)輸企業(yè)產(chǎn)品策略 ···············································································213 9.2.1 運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)品組合策略 ······································································213 9.2.2 運(yùn)輸企業(yè)品牌策略 ······································································216 9.2.3 運(yùn)輸企業(yè)服務(wù)策略 ······································································217 9.3 運(yùn)輸企業(yè)價(jià)格策略 ···············································································218 9.3.1 運(yùn)價(jià)形成的因素 ·········································································218 9.3.2 定價(jià)的原則與方法 ······································································219 9.3.3 定價(jià)策略 ··················································································221 9.4 運(yùn)輸企業(yè)分銷渠道策略 ·········································································222 9.4.1 運(yùn)輸分銷渠道的含義和種類 ··························································222 9.4.2 運(yùn)輸分銷渠道選擇的影響因素 ·······················································224 9.4.3 運(yùn)輸分銷渠道決策 ······································································225 9.5 運(yùn)輸企業(yè)促銷策略 ···············································································226 9.5.1 運(yùn)輸企業(yè)促銷策略的含義及特點(diǎn) ····················································226 9.5.2 運(yùn)輸企業(yè)主要促銷策略 ······························································· 228 9.6 運(yùn)輸企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷策略 ········································································ 230 9.6.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷服務(wù)策略 ····································································· 230 9.6.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷品牌策略 ····································································· 231 9.6.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷價(jià)格策略 ····································································· 232 9.6.4 網(wǎng)絡(luò)營(yíng)銷渠道策略 ····································································· 232 第10 章 運(yùn)輸決策管理 ··················································································· 238 10.1 運(yùn)輸方式選擇 ··················································································· 238 10.1.1 運(yùn)輸方式選擇的影響因素 ··························································· 238 10.1.2 運(yùn)輸方式選擇的定性分析法 ························································ 240 10.1.3 運(yùn)輸方式選擇的綜合評(píng)價(jià)法 ························································ 240 10.1.4 運(yùn)輸方式選擇的成本比較法 ························································ 243 10.2 運(yùn)輸線路選擇 ··················································································· 244 10.2.1 起訖點(diǎn)不同的運(yùn)輸線路選擇 ························································ 244 10.2.2 起訖點(diǎn)相同的運(yùn)輸線路優(yōu)化模型 ·················································· 247 10.2.3 多起訖點(diǎn)直達(dá)運(yùn)輸線路優(yōu)化模型 ·················································· 252 10.2.4 多起訖點(diǎn)中轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)輸線路優(yōu)化模型 ·················································· 261 10.3 運(yùn)輸節(jié)點(diǎn)選址決策 ············································································· 263 10.3.1 運(yùn)輸節(jié)點(diǎn)選址的條件和原則 ························································ 263 10.3.2 多因素綜合評(píng)價(jià)法 ···································································· 265 10.3.3 重心法選址模型 ······································································· 266 10.3.4 成本分析法 ············································································· 269 10.3.5 運(yùn)輸規(guī)劃法 ············································································· 269 第11 章 托運(yùn)人運(yùn)輸管理 ················································································ 276 11.1 運(yùn)輸管理的內(nèi)容及戰(zhàn)略 ······································································· 276 11.1.1 運(yùn)輸管理的內(nèi)容 ······································································· 276 11.1.2 企業(yè)運(yùn)輸戰(zhàn)略 ·········································································· 280 11.2 自營(yíng)運(yùn)輸與外包運(yùn)輸決策 ···································································· 281 11.2.1 自營(yíng)運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢(shì)與劣勢(shì) ······························································ 281 11.2.2 外包運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢(shì)與劣勢(shì) ······························································ 283 11.2.3 運(yùn)輸外包決策 ·········································································· 284 11.3 運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建 ··················································································· 287 11.3.1 運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建的影響因素及原則 ·················································· 287 11.3.2 運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)布局及結(jié)構(gòu)選擇 ··························································· 289 11.3.3 運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)及節(jié)點(diǎn)決策內(nèi)容和方法 ·················································· 291 11.4 承運(yùn)人管理 ······················································································ 291 11.4.1 承運(yùn)人選擇的影響因素及原則 ····················································· 291 11.4.2 承運(yùn)人選擇的步驟 ···································································· 292 11.4.3 承運(yùn)人選擇的方法 ···································································· 293 11.4.4 承運(yùn)人評(píng)價(jià)與監(jiān)控 ····································································295 11.4.5 承運(yùn)人管理策略 ·······································································295 11.5 運(yùn)輸成本控制 ···················································································297 11.5.1 企業(yè)運(yùn)輸成本構(gòu)成 ····································································297 11.5.2 運(yùn)輸外包成本控制 ····································································297 11.5.3 運(yùn)輸自營(yíng)成本控制 ····································································298 第12 章 承運(yùn)人運(yùn)輸管理 ··············································································· 306 12.1 運(yùn)輸管理內(nèi)容及戰(zhàn)略 ··········································································306 12.1.1 運(yùn)輸管理內(nèi)容 ··········································································306 12.1.2 企業(yè)運(yùn)輸相關(guān)戰(zhàn)略 ····································································308 12.2 運(yùn)輸合理化 ······················································································309 12.2.1 運(yùn)輸合理化的含義及作用 ···························································309 12.2.2 不合理運(yùn)輸?shù)谋憩F(xiàn)形式 ······························································310 12.2.3 影響運(yùn)輸合理化的因素 ······························································314 12.2.4 運(yùn)輸合理化的策略 ····································································315 12.3 客戶管理 ·························································································318 12.3.1 客戶管理的特點(diǎn)及原則 ······························································318 12.3.2 客戶管理的創(chuàng)新 ·······································································320 12.3.3 客戶關(guān)系管理的含義及內(nèi)容 ························································321 12.3.4 客戶關(guān)系管理的實(shí)施 ·································································322 12.4 企業(yè)運(yùn)輸組織管理 ·············································································323 12.4.1 企業(yè)運(yùn)輸組織的基本要求 ···························································323 12.4.2 運(yùn)輸組織管理的主要任務(wù) ···························································324 12.4.3 運(yùn)輸方案設(shè)計(jì) ··········································································325 12.5 運(yùn)輸績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià) ···················································································327 12.5.1 運(yùn)輸績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)的含義及影響因素 ··················································327 12.5.2 運(yùn)輸績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系 ······························································329 12.5.3 運(yùn)輸績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)的步驟 ·································································332 12.5.4 運(yùn)輸績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)方法 ····································································335 參考文獻(xiàn) ······································································································343