Third,when US President George W．Bush waged the Iraq War,hewas opposed to the unilateral actions of the US without the authorization ofthe Securitv Council．Moreover,he insisted that the UN solve disputes in aDeaceful way,which manifested his principle of independence．
　　As a resuIt．he infuriated the US government,especially the conser.vatives and the neo-conservatives,the latter of whom mounted a campaignt0 discredit the UN and the Secretary-General．The campaign is called aninvestigation of the"Oil-for-Food Scandal．"Back then,the UN imposedsanctions on Iraq．In order to protect the Iraqi people from the damage ofthe sanctions． the UN allowed Iraq to export a fraction of its oil for moneyt0 buv food and medicine for the people．The income of the oiJ export cameunder the UN control．In order to place blame on Kofi Annan,the USseized the opportunity and scrutinized possible corruption in the pro-ict．This is the so．calied oil-for．Food Scandal．"It turned out that therewas at most maladministration,and no serious corruption．In comparisonwith the US corruption in the Iraq War,this is not even worth mentioning．
　　SO,despite the US campaign to discredit the Secretary-General,KofiAnnan,s flarewell speech was frequently interrupted by applause．ThesDeech finished in a lengthy standing ovation．This showed the deep appre.ciation 0f most member states for Kofi Annan'S ten.year tenure, and ademonstration of opposition to the US．The media also heaped praises onhim．hailing him as the"secular Pope．"
　　The auestion is why so far only three Secretary-Generals have takenfull advantage 0f the moral force of this post and achieved an independentstatus．a(chǎn)nd only one has succeeded?There are two reasons according tomv first-hand observations: One is the external factor;the other is the in.ternal factor,namely,the individual factor．
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