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美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史與選讀
李正栓主編的《美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史與選讀》是高等院 校英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)美國(guó)文學(xué)教材,內(nèi)容包括美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史、 美國(guó)名家簡(jiǎn)介及作品選讀。全書(shū)按體裁劃分為詩(shī)歌、 小說(shuō)、戲劇和散文四大部分,每部分下面又按不同歷 史時(shí)期的代表作家進(jìn)行編排,具體到每章,都包含作 家生平及作品介紹、簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)論、作品選讀、注釋、作 品賞析和思考題等幾大板塊。
本書(shū)的讀者對(duì)象為英語(yǔ)類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)高年級(jí)學(xué)生、備考 研究生的學(xué)生,以及渴望通過(guò)閱讀文學(xué)作品學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)言和提高文學(xué)素養(yǎng)的讀者。
近幾十年來(lái),我國(guó)的高等教育發(fā)展迅猛,英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的發(fā)展也勢(shì)如破竹。絕大多
數(shù)大學(xué)都設(shè)有英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)。與此同時(shí),與英語(yǔ)有關(guān)的,或者說(shuō),脫胎于英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)而另 圖發(fā)展、更直接為社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展服務(wù)的翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)(方向)和商務(wù)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)(方向) 也發(fā)展得如火如荼。 近年來(lái),相關(guān)部門(mén)和專(zhuān)家對(duì)專(zhuān)業(yè)建設(shè)和課程建設(shè)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)一些學(xué)校的 英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)建立和英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)建設(shè)之間仍存在差距。一些地方?jīng)]有完全按教育部英語(yǔ)專(zhuān) 業(yè)教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定開(kāi)設(shè)一些專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)必修課,如語(yǔ)言學(xué)和英美文學(xué)。有些地方削減文 學(xué)必修課的課時(shí),簡(jiǎn)化課程。一些人認(rèn)為,美國(guó)歷史太短,美國(guó)文學(xué)課程沒(méi)有必要 作為重點(diǎn)。有些地方干脆不開(kāi)這些課程。實(shí)際上,這一切現(xiàn)象都暴露出英美文學(xué)師 資短缺這一客觀情況,師資短缺嚴(yán)重影響了課程建設(shè)和專(zhuān)業(yè)建設(shè)。 英美文學(xué)教學(xué)歷來(lái)是我國(guó)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)的重要組成部分。我國(guó)老一輩英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)家 們都是通過(guò)閱讀文學(xué)原著學(xué)到了優(yōu)秀的語(yǔ)言,都是在中西文學(xué)王國(guó)自由徜徉的學(xué)者, 所以他們中間大師層出不窮。今天,我們追逐前輩之偉大恐極為不易,但應(yīng)有的文 學(xué)知識(shí),我們還是應(yīng)當(dāng)掌握。這是培養(yǎng)合格外語(yǔ)人才和建設(shè)者所必需的,因?yàn)槲膶W(xué) 作品體現(xiàn)了人類(lèi)最美好的語(yǔ)言,展現(xiàn)了豐富多彩的世界,蘊(yùn)含了深厚的人文素養(yǎng)。 這也是英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)大綱中要求的重要板塊。 可喜的是,越來(lái)越多的專(zhuān)家學(xué)者和英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的掌門(mén)人已充分認(rèn)識(shí)到英美文學(xué)課 的重要性,呼吁并正在實(shí)現(xiàn)著英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)建設(shè)中傳統(tǒng)課程的回歸。我們充分并欣喜地 注意到,翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)和商務(wù)英語(yǔ)兩個(gè)新建專(zhuān)業(yè)都把英美文學(xué)課程列入其中。這說(shuō)明, 無(wú)論英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)、翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè),還是商務(wù)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè),都意識(shí)到在培養(yǎng)合格專(zhuān)業(yè)人才中文 學(xué)所起到的基礎(chǔ)作用和重要功能。 近年來(lái),美國(guó)文學(xué)教材建設(shè)也取得巨大成就,成果很多。美國(guó)文學(xué)教材異彩紛 呈,為學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)美國(guó)文學(xué)提供了豐富的菜單和自由的選擇。然而由于學(xué)時(shí)有限, 各地辦學(xué)條件不一,學(xué)生家境不同,經(jīng)濟(jì)承受能力有別,要求學(xué)生大量采購(gòu)和閱讀 美國(guó)文學(xué)原版圖書(shū)與多種教材是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。因此,我們決定推出這一版本的教材, 前 言 ii 美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史與選讀 A Short History of American Literature and Selected Readings 旨在讓學(xué)生們?cè)谟邢薜膶W(xué)時(shí)內(nèi)和經(jīng)濟(jì)能力能承受的情況下完成美國(guó)文學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)。我 們把文學(xué)史、作品選讀和文學(xué)知識(shí)納入同一本書(shū)。文學(xué)史和作家生平介紹部分文字 淺顯,易讀易懂,學(xué)生可以自己讀,教師輔以適當(dāng)講解。教師應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)講解作品部 分。本書(shū)所選作品多于教學(xué)學(xué)時(shí)所要求的數(shù)量。教師可以從眾多作品中挑選自己認(rèn) 為最應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生重點(diǎn)掌握的進(jìn)行講解,同時(shí)還要講授文學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)方法。學(xué)生可以在 學(xué)有余力時(shí)自己多讀一些本書(shū)所選作品,一般情況下,學(xué)生無(wú)須另外買(mǎi)書(shū)即可完成 美國(guó)文學(xué)課程的學(xué)習(xí)。 根據(jù)這一指導(dǎo)思想,我們決定本書(shū)的編寫(xiě)體例是:全書(shū)分四部分,分別是詩(shī)歌、 小說(shuō)、戲劇和散文。每種體裁均有發(fā)展脈絡(luò)概述(即簡(jiǎn)史)。每部分下面又按不同 歷史時(shí)期的代表作家進(jìn)行編排,具體到每一章,都包含作家生平及作品介紹(Life story and works)、作家評(píng)論(Comments)、選文(Selected poems/novels/essays)、 注釋?zhuān)∟otes)、選文賞析(Appreciation)和思考題(For study and discussion)等 板塊,詩(shī)歌部分的選文均提供中譯版本供參考。這樣一種體例能夠使學(xué)生通過(guò)注釋、 教師講解和譯文等更好地學(xué)習(xí)作品;對(duì)教師不能講解的作品,注釋和譯文更加有用。 同一作家根據(jù)其作品分類(lèi)出現(xiàn)在不同體裁部分,講解側(cè)重點(diǎn)不一樣。本書(shū)按歷史時(shí) 期劃分,不以作品流派劃分。 作家生平及作品介紹(Life story and works) 對(duì)作家生平及作品作簡(jiǎn)要介紹, 并對(duì)未列入選文的經(jīng)典作品進(jìn)行提及性介紹。 作家評(píng)論(Comments) 對(duì)作家的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格、文學(xué)地位等進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)述,或提 供評(píng)論家或同行間的權(quán)威評(píng)價(jià)。 選文(Selected poems/novels/essays) 指列入本書(shū)的經(jīng)典選文,對(duì)較長(zhǎng)的選文 進(jìn)行了刪節(jié)。 注釋?zhuān)∟otes) 對(duì)選文中難以理解或易產(chǎn)生誤解的詞、句進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)蚝?jiǎn)述某 些詞句的背景知識(shí)、文學(xué)典故等。 選文賞析(Appreciation) 包括選文的內(nèi)容概述、遣詞分析、寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)、文學(xué) 地位及影響等。 思考題(For study and discussion) 課后思考題及小組討論,問(wèn)題多以開(kāi)放性 的思考題為主,且不局限于選文。 本書(shū)集詩(shī)歌、小說(shuō)、戲劇和散文為一書(shū),但授課教師未必是同一教師,可以分 成幾個(gè)時(shí)段由不同教師共同承擔(dān)此課程的教學(xué)任務(wù),各自發(fā)揮自己的特長(zhǎng)。此建議 iii 前言 僅供參考。本書(shū)選入作品較多,因?yàn)檫@些作品都很優(yōu)秀,不選太遺憾;有些作品學(xué) 生可以自學(xué),遇到問(wèn)題可以向教師請(qǐng)教,也可以上網(wǎng)或去圖書(shū)館查找譯文、評(píng)論或 賞析。 本書(shū)有以下創(chuàng)新之處: 1. 除對(duì)經(jīng)典作家及作品進(jìn)行介紹之外,還選了更多的作家及其作品。彌補(bǔ)了學(xué) 生僅聞某作家其名,卻未讀過(guò)其作品的遺憾,并且對(duì)所有的選段進(jìn)行了注釋和賞析, 列了一些課后開(kāi)放性思考題,有助于學(xué)生課上學(xué)習(xí)及課下獨(dú)立閱讀。 2. 針對(duì)部分學(xué)生無(wú)法將某些作家的英漢名字對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái)的問(wèn)題,本書(shū)將每位作家 的漢語(yǔ)名稱(chēng)一一標(biāo)出。 3. 本書(shū)充分采用了學(xué)界最新的研究成果和一些新觀點(diǎn),諸如流派劃分等問(wèn)題, 還充分利用現(xiàn)代敘事學(xué)理論加強(qiáng)小說(shuō)部分的選材、注釋和思考題的設(shè)計(jì)。小說(shuō)的節(jié) 選最大限度地體現(xiàn)不同時(shí)期、不同作家的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格,體現(xiàn)了小說(shuō)敘事技巧的脈絡(luò)流 變,以期提供多樣的敘事審美體驗(yàn)。 4. 本書(shū)吸收了許多知識(shí)、術(shù)語(yǔ)講解和文學(xué)批評(píng)常識(shí)。 5. 本書(shū)吸收了一些現(xiàn)代教學(xué)理論和教學(xué)方法。如書(shū)中內(nèi)容有一些應(yīng)該是以任務(wù) 形式留給學(xué)生去讀,有一些教師應(yīng)重點(diǎn)講解,有一些應(yīng)該在課堂上加強(qiáng)互動(dòng),有一 些應(yīng)該是學(xué)生課下掌握。倡導(dǎo)學(xué)生拓寬比較視野,包括同一國(guó)家不同作家間的比較, 也倡導(dǎo)廣大師生在使用本書(shū)時(shí)加強(qiáng)英美作家與中國(guó)作家和其他國(guó)家作家的比較與分 析。 清華大學(xué)出版社外語(yǔ)分社對(duì)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教材建設(shè)極為重視,郝建華社長(zhǎng)多次提出 編寫(xiě)建議;劉細(xì)珍主任不僅狠抓圖書(shū)質(zhì)量,還為學(xué)生購(gòu)買(mǎi)力著想,可敬可佩。在本 書(shū)編寫(xiě)過(guò)程中,我們參考過(guò)網(wǎng)上一些資料和一些學(xué)者的同類(lèi)書(shū)籍以及一些學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn), 在此一并致謝。 由于水平和學(xué)識(shí)有限,紕漏之處在所難免,敬請(qǐng)指出,以便改正。 編者 2015 年6 月
Part 1 American Poetry of the Colonial Period:
The Poetry of Elizabethan Initiative, Ingenuity, and Democracy Chapter 1 Anne Bradstreet .6 To My Dear and Loving Husband ................................................................................... 8 Chapter 2 Philip Freneau .10 The Wild Honey Suckle .................................................................................................... 11 The Indian Burying Ground ............................................................................................ 14 Part 2 American Poetry of Romantic Period: The Witness of Growth, Independence and Originality Chapter 1 William Cullen Bryant .20 To a Waterfowl .....................................................................................................................22 Chapter 2 Edgar Allan Poe .26 To Helen ...............................................................................................................................28 Annabel Lee ......................................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 3 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow .36 A Psalm of Life ....................................................................................................................38 The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls ........................................................................................43 Chapter 4 Walt Whitman .45 O Captain! My Captain! ................................................................................................... 47 Cavalry Crossing a Ford .................................................................................................... 51 I Hear America Singing ....................................................................................................52 Contents vi 美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史與選讀 A Short History of American Literature and Selected Readings Chapter 5 Emily Elizabeth Dickinson .54 Success ..................................................................................................................................56 Wild Nights—Wild Nights .................................................................................................58 I Died for Beauty .................................................................................................................60 I Heard a Fly buzz—When I died— ................................................................................. 61 Because I Could Not Stop for Death .............................................................................64 Part 3 American Poetry of the Modernist Period: The Search for Impersonality, Objectivity and Distillation Chapter 1 Edwin Arlington Robinson .68 Richard Cory .......................................................................................................................69 Chapter 2 Robert Frost .72 The Road Not Taken .........................................................................................................73 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening ...................................................................... 76 Fire and Ice ...........................................................................................................................78 Chapter 3 Stephen Crane .80 Black Riders Came from the Sea .................................................................................... 81 A Man Said to the Universe .............................................................................................83 Chapter 4 Carl Sandburg .84 Fog .........................................................................................................................................85 Grass .....................................................................................................................................87 Chapter 5 Wallace Stevens .89 Anecdote of the Jar .............................................................................................................90 The Snow Man ....................................................................................................................92 Chapter 6 William Carlos Williams .94 The Red Wheelbarrow ......................................................................................................96 Chapter 7 Ezra Pound .97 In a Station of the Metro ...................................................................................................99 A Pact .................................................................................................................................. 101 Chapter 8 Hilda Doolittle .103 Oread ..................................................................................................................................104 Helen ...................................................................................................................................105 Chapter 9 Edward Estlin Cummings .108 L(a ........................................................................................................................................109 vii Contents Part 4 American Poetry of Contemporary Times: The Disruption of Authority; the Coming of All-embracing Chapter 1 James Mercer Langston Hughes .112 The Negro Speaks of Rivers........................................................................................... 113 Dreams ............................................................................................................................... 115 Words like Freedom ......................................................................................................... 116 Warning ............................................................................................................................... 118 Chapter 2 Theodore Huebner Roethke .119 My Papa’s Waltz ................................................................................................................120 Chapter 3 Elizabeth Bishop .122 Fish ..............................................................................................................................124 Chapter 4 The Confessional School: Robert Lowell.129 Skunk Hour ........................................................................................................................ 131 Chapter 5 The Beat School: Allen Ginsberg .135 Novel Part 1 American Novel of Romanticism Period: The Concern for Humanitarian Reforms and National Morality Chapter 1 Washington Irving .141 Rip Van Winkle .................................................................................................................143 Chapter 2 James Fenimore Cooper .158 The Last of the Mohicans ...............................................................................................160 Chapter 3 Edgar Allan Poe .173 The Fall of the House of Usher ......................................................................................175 Chapter 4 Nathaniel Hawthorne .193 Scarlet Letter ......................................................................................................................195 Chapter 5 Herman Melville .204 Moby Dick ..........................................................................................................................206 viii 美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史與選讀 A Short History of American Literature and Selected Readings Part 2 American Novel of Realism Period: The Rendering of the Ordinary, Commonplace and the Low Chapter 1 Mark Twain.216 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn .......................................................................... 219 Chapter 2 Henry James .229 The Portrait of a Lady .....................................................................................................231 Part 3 American Novel of Naturalism Period: Dismissing the Validity of Comforting Moral Truths and Presenting the Extreme Life Chapter 1 Stephen Crane .246 The Open Boat ..................................................................................................................248 Chapter 2 Theodore Dreiser CChhaapptteerr 34 FSSihrsateenrrwk C Noaroordire r A.i..sn.. ...d.....e......r....s... ..o.......n......... ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................222.256651123 Winesburg, Ohio ...............................................................................................................264 Chapter 5 Jack London .273 The Call of the Wild.........................................................................................................275 Part 4 American Novel of Modernism Period: The Experience of Horrors and the Lost in Faith CChhaapptteerr 12 SWinilclala Cira Ltheewri .s.......................................................................................................................................................................................................229913 Babbitt ................................................................................................................................295 Chapter 3 Francis Scott Fitzgerald .304 The Great Gatsby .............................................................................................................306 Chapter 4 William Faulkner.322 The Sound and the Fury .................................................................................................325 ix Contents Chapter 5 Ernest Hemingway .339 The Sun Also Rises ..........................................................................................................342 Chapter 6 John Ernst Steinbeck .346 The Grapes of Wrath .......................................................................................................348 Part 5 American Novel Since 1945: CChhaapptteerr 12 SVTalhaudel iB mNeilorlo rNwma .b.a.o.l.k.i.o.z.va....t....i..o........n...... ....o......f.... ..C........h......a........o......s...... ..a......n........d...... ....A......b........s....u........r....d........i..t....y........................................336613 Herzog ................................................................................................................................365 Chapter 3 Jerome David Salinger .389 The Cather in the Rye .....................................................................................................391 Chapter 4 Jack Kerouac .399 On the Road .......................................................................................................................401 CCCCChhhhhaaaaapppppttttteeeeerrrrr 56789 JFTKKolhueahnornnt mnK VUeeaoprssnyde Pn yiOkye .’eng.C. cu..o....ht..n.. o......n...o...........r........ ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................444440001103468 Part 6 American Multiethnic Novel Since 1945: Boiling of the Melting Pot CChhaapptteerr 12 RRaiclhpahr Edl lWisroing h.t...................................................................................................................................................................................................441179 Invisible Man .....................................................................................................................421 CChhaapptteerr 34 TAolenxi HMaolreryi s.o.n.......................................................................................................................................................................................................443368 The Bluest Eye ..................................................................................................................440 x 美國(guó)文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史與選讀 A Short History of American Literature and Selected Readings Chapter 5 Maxine Hong Kingston .442 The Woman Warrior ........................................................................................................444 Chapter 6 Alice Walker .447 Drama American Drama: CCCChhhhaaaaTppppttttheeeeerrrr 1234C riETEAtudhrictwgohaemaunlrra edP sA G FeLslrhaaranecdnriseke tMprloi nnWtili elAoei lOlrnlbi .’.aNe .om.ee. f.isI.l .I ltII. ..I h......I... ....e............ C................h............a............n................g............i........n............g................ ....S............o................c............i....e............t............y............ ....a............n................d............ ........L............i....f........e........444455552356 Essay American Essay: The Recording of Truth and Times Chapter 1 Ralph Waldo Emerson .463 Nature .................................................................................................................................464 Chapter 2 Henry David Thoreau .467 Walden ................................................................................................................................468 參考文獻(xiàn) .482
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