總序導讀——第二語言研究中問卷調查法的特點及應用Preface to the Second EditionIntrOductiOnChapter 1 Questionnaires in Second Language Research 1.1 Wha 總序導讀——第二語言研究中問卷調查法的特點及應用Preface to the Second EditionIntrOductiOnChapter 1 Questionnaires in Second Language Research 1.1 What Are“Questionnaires”and What Do They Measure? 1.1.1 What a Questionnaire Is Not 1.1.2 What Do Questionnaires Measure? 1.2 Using Questionnaires：Pros and Cons 1.2.1 Advantages 1.2.2 Disadvantages 1.3 Questionnaires in Quantitative and Qualitative ResearchChapter 2 Constructing the Questionnaire 2.1 General Features 2.1.1 Length 2.1.2 Layout 2.1.3 Sensitive Topics and Anonymity 2.2 The Main Parts of a Questionnaire 2.2.1 Title 2.2.2 Instructions 2.2.3 Ouestionnaire Items 2.2.4 Additional Information 2.2.5 Final“Thank YDu” 2.3 Appropriate Sampling of the Questionnaire Content and theSignificance of“Multi—Item Scales” 2.3.1 Appropriate Sampling ofthe Content 2.3.2 Using Multi—Item Scales 2.4 “Closed.Ended”O(jiān)uestionnaire Items 2.4.1 Rating Scales 2.4.2 Multiple—Choice Items 2.4.3 Rank Order Items 2.4.4 Numeric Items 2.4.5 Checklists 2.5 Open—Ended Questions 2.5.1 Specific Open Questions 2.5.2 clarification Questions 2.5.3 Sentence Completion Items 2.5.4 Short—Answer Questions 2.6 HOW to Write Good Items 2.6.1 Drawing Up an“Item Pool” 2.6.2 Rules About Writing Items 2.6.3 WrRing Sensitive Items 2.7 Grouping and Sequencing Items 2.7.1 Clear and Orderly Structure 2.7.2 Opening Questions 2.7.3 Factual(or“Personal”or“Classification”、Questions at the End 2.7.4 Open—Ended Questions at the End 2.8 Translating the Questionnaire 2.8.1 Translation as a Team—Based Approach 2.8.2 Translation with Limited Resources 2.9 Computer Programs for Constructing Questionnaires 2.10 Piloting the Questionnaire and Conducting Item Analysis 2.10.1 Initial Piloting of the Item Pool 2.1O.2 Final Piloting("Dress Rehearsal” 2.10.3 Item AnalysisChapter 3 Administering the Questionnaire. 3.1 Selecting the Sample 3.1.1 Sampling Procedures 3.1.2 How Large Should the Sample Be? 3.1.3 The Problem of Respondent Self.Selection 3.2 Main Types of Questionnaire Administration 3.2.1 Administration bv Mail 3.2.2 One—to—One Administration 3.2.3 Group Administration 3.2.4 Online Administration 3.3 Strategies to Increase the Quality and Quantity of ParticipantbResponse 3.3.1 Advance Notice 3.3.2 Attitudes Conveyed by Teachers，Parents，and Other AuthorityFigures 3.3.3 Respectable Sponsorship 3.3.4 The Presence of a Survey Administrator 3.3.5 The Behavior of the Survey Administrator 3.3.6 Communicating the Purpose and Significance ofthe Survey 3.3.7 Emphasizing Confidentiality 3.3.8 Reading Out the Questionnaire Instructions 3.3.9 The Style and Layout of the Questionnaire 3.3.10 Promising Feedback on the Results 3.4 Questionnaire Administration，Confidentiality,and Other EthicalIssues 3.4.1 Basic Ethical Principles of Data Collection 3.4.2 Obtaining Consent for Children 3.4.3 Strategies for Getting Around AnonymityChapter 4 Processing Questionnaire Data 4.1 Coding Questionnaire Data 4.1.1 First Things First：Assigning Identification Codes 4.1.2 Coding Quantitative Data 4.2 Inputting the Data 4.2.1 Creating and Naming the Data File 4.2.2 Keying in the Data 4.3 Processing Closed Questions 4.3.1 Data Cleaning 4.3.2 Data Manipulation 4.3.3 Reducing the Number of Variables in the Questionnaire 4.3.4 Main Types of Questionnaire Data 4.3.5 Examining the Reliability and V.aliditV Ofthe Data 4.3.6 Statistical Procedures to Analyze Data 4.4 Content Analysis of Open—Ended Questions 4.5 Compmer Programs for Processing Questionnaire Data 4.6 Summarizing and Reporting Questionnaire Data 4.6.1 General Guidelines 4.6.2 Technical Information to Accompany Survey Results 4.6.3 Reader.Friendly Data Presentation Methods 4.7 Complementing Questionnaire Data with Other Information 4.7.1 Questionnaire Survey with Follow—up Interview orRetrospection 4.7.2 Questionnaire Survey Facilitated by Preceding InterviewChapter 5 Illustration：Developing a Motivation Questionnaire 5.1 construction of the Initial Questionnaire 5.1.1 Deciding the ComemAreas to be Covered in the Questionnaire 5.1.2 Designing Items for the Item Pool 5.1.3 Designing Rating Scales 5.1.4 Designing the Personal Information Section 5.1.5 Designing Instructions 5.1.6 Designing the Questionnaire Format 5.1.7 Grouping and Organizing Items and Questions 5.2 Translating and Initial Piloting 5.3 Final Piloting and Item Analysis 5.3.1 Missing Values and the Range of Responses 5.3.2 The Intemal Consistency ReliabjlitV of the Initial Scales 5.3.3 Modification of the Personal Information Items 5.4 The Final Version of the Japanese Ouestionnaire and Post HocItem Analysis 5.5 Adapting the Questionnaire for Use in China and Iran Conclusion and Checklist References Appendix A：Combined List of the Items Included in theQuestionnaires Discussed in Chapter 5Appendix B：The Final Version ofthe Questionnaires Used in JapanandChinaAppendix C：Selected List of Published L2 Questionnaires研究案例：中國大學本科生英語學習動機類型 高一虹、趙媛、程英、周燕Author IndexSubject Index