本書回避了繁復(fù)的公式、函數(shù)、運(yùn)算,通過深入淺出和饒有趣味的圖畫,將日常生活中紛繁雜等的一些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象,和一套富有一致性的思維框架結(jié)合,展現(xiàn)出一種“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的想象力”。
出版前言
道格拉斯?C?諾斯序——經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教材的革命
林毅夫中文第12版序——經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的樣貌與靈魂
張維迎中文第11版序——為什么沒有免費(fèi)的午餐
梁小民中文第11版序——像經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家一樣思考
Preface 前 言
1 The Economic Way of Thinking 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的思維方式
Recognizing Order 認(rèn)識(shí)秩序
The Importance of Social Cooperation 社會(huì)協(xié)作的重要性
How Does It Happen? 這一切是怎么發(fā)生的?
An Apparatus of the Mind—the skill of the economist 智力工具——經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的技能
Cooperation through mutual adjustment 通過相互調(diào)整進(jìn)行合作
Rules of the game 游戲規(guī)則
Property rights as rules of the game 產(chǎn)權(quán)作為游戲規(guī)則
The biases of economic theory: a weakness or a strength?
出版前言
道格拉斯?C?諾斯序——經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教材的革命
林毅夫中文第12版序——經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的樣貌與靈魂
張維迎中文第11版序——為什么沒有免費(fèi)的午餐
梁小民中文第11版序——像經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家一樣思考
Preface 前 言
1 The Economic Way of Thinking 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的思維方式
Recognizing Order 認(rèn)識(shí)秩序
The Importance of Social Cooperation 社會(huì)協(xié)作的重要性
How Does It Happen? 這一切是怎么發(fā)生的?
An Apparatus of the Mind—the skill of the economist 智力工具——經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的技能
Cooperation through mutual adjustment 通過相互調(diào)整進(jìn)行合作
Rules of the game 游戲規(guī)則
Property rights as rules of the game 產(chǎn)權(quán)作為游戲規(guī)則
The biases of economic theory: a weakness or a strength?
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論的偏倚:缺點(diǎn)還是優(yōu)點(diǎn)?
Biases or conclusions 偏倚還是結(jié)論?
No theory means poor theory 沒有理論就是糟糕的理論
Once over lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for discussion 問題與討論
2 Efficiency, Exchange, and Comparative Advantage 效率、交換與比較優(yōu)勢(shì)
Goods and Bads 好品和壞品
The Myth of Material Wealth 物質(zhì)財(cái)富的誤區(qū)
Trade Creates Wealth 貿(mào)易創(chuàng)造財(cái)富
Is It Worth It? Efficiency and Values 值不值?效率與價(jià)值
Recognizing Trade-Offs: Comparing Opportunity Costs ofProduction
學(xué)會(huì)權(quán)衡:比較生產(chǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)成本
The Gains from Specialization and Exchange 從專業(yè)化和交換中獲益
Why Specialize? 為什么要專業(yè)化?
From Individual Trade to International Trade, and Back Again
從人際貿(mào)易到國(guó)際貿(mào)易,再到人際貿(mào)易
Transaction Costs 交易成本
Incentives to Reduce Transaction Costs: Middlemen 降低交易成本的激勵(lì):中間人
Middlemen Create Information 中間人創(chuàng)造信息
Markets as Discovery Processes 市場(chǎng)作為發(fā)現(xiàn)過程
An Appendix: Economic Growth: Specialization, Exchange, and TheRule of Law
延伸閱讀: 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng):專業(yè)化、交換和法治
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
3 Substitutes Everywhere: The Concept of Demand 無處不在的替代:需求的概念
On the Notion of “Needs” 關(guān)于“需要”
Marginal Values 邊際價(jià)值
Everyday Choices Are Marginal Choices 日常選擇就是邊際選擇
The Demand Curve 需求曲線
The Law of Demand 需求法則
Demand and Quantity Demanded 需求和需求量
Demand Itself Can Change 需求自身也會(huì)變
Everything Depends on Everything Else 任何事物都依賴于其他事物
Misperceptions Caused by Inflation 通貨膨脹導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)覺
Time Is on Our Side 時(shí)間站在我們這一邊
Price Elasticity of Demand 需求的價(jià)格彈性
Thinking About Elasticity 對(duì)彈性的思考
Elasticity and Total Receipts 彈性與總收入
The Myth of Vertical Demand 垂直需求的誤區(qū)
All Scarce Goods Must Be Rationed Somehow 所有稀缺品都必須以某種方式分配
Is Money All That Matters? Money Costs, Other Costs, and EconomicCalculation
只有錢重要嗎?貨幣成本、其他成本和經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)算
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
4 Cost and Choice: The Concept of Supply 成本和選擇:供給的概念
Refresher on Opportunity Costs 對(duì)機(jī)會(huì)成本的復(fù)習(xí)
Costs Are Tied to Actions, Not Things 成本和行為而不是事物相關(guān)
What Do I Do Now? The Irrelevance of “Sunk Costs”
我現(xiàn)在該干什么?“沉沒成本”的無關(guān)性
Producers’ Costs as Opportunity Costs 生產(chǎn)者的成本作為機(jī)會(huì)成本
Marginal Opportunity Costs 邊際機(jī)會(huì)成本
Costs and Supply 成本和供給
The Supply Curve 供給曲線
Supply Itself Can Change 供給自身也會(huì)變
Marginal and Average Costs 邊際成本和平均成本
The Cost of a Volunteer Military Force 志愿兵役制度的成本
Price Elasticity of Supply 供給的價(jià)格彈性
Cost as Justification 用成本論證正當(dāng)性
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
5 Supply and Demand: A Process of Coordination 供給與需求:協(xié)調(diào)的過程
The Market Is a Process of Plan Coordination 市場(chǎng)是計(jì)劃協(xié)調(diào)的過程
The Basic Process 基本過程
Competition, Cooperation, and Market Clearing 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、合作與市場(chǎng)出清
Changing Market Conditions 變動(dòng)的市場(chǎng)條件
Learning from Free-Market Prices 理解自由市場(chǎng)價(jià)格
Central Planning and the Knowledge Problem 中央計(jì)劃和知識(shí)問題
An Appendix: Coordination Problems: Transaction Costs
延伸閱讀:協(xié)調(diào)遇到的問題:交易成本
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
6 Unintended Consequences: More Applications of Supply andDemand
無意的后果:供求規(guī)律的更多應(yīng)用
Catastrophe and Confusion 自然災(zāi)害時(shí)供求的迷思
Catastrophe and Coordination 自然災(zāi)害時(shí)供求的協(xié)調(diào)
The Urge to Fix Prices 限價(jià)的沖動(dòng)
Competition When Prices Are Fixed 價(jià)格固定時(shí)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
Appropriate and Inappropriate Signals 恰當(dāng)與不恰當(dāng)?shù)男盘?hào)
Looking for an Apartment in the City? Read the Obituary!
想在城里找公寓嗎?看訃告吧!
Strong Booze, Stronger Drugs: Criminal Incentives 烈酒、烈性毒品:犯罪的激勵(lì)
Skim Milk, Whole Milk, and Gangster Milkmen 脫脂牛奶、全脂牛奶和“牛奶匪幫”
Supports and Surpluses 價(jià)格下限與生產(chǎn)過剩
Supply, Demand, and the Minimum Wage 供給、需求和最低工資
Slavery Goes Global, Again 奴隸貿(mào)易再次全球化
Do Costs Determine Prices? 成本決定價(jià)格嗎?
The Dropouts Release Their First CD “退出者”發(fā)行了他們的第一張唱片
“There’s Gold in Them Thar Hills!” So What? “山里有金子!”那又怎么樣?
Even Butchers Don’t Have the Guts 甚至連屠戶都沒這個(gè)膽子
Why Does It Cost So Much to Change Bedpans? 為什么醫(yī)院里換個(gè)便盆都這么貴?
An Appendix: Framing Economic Questions Correctly 延伸閱讀:正確地表述經(jīng)濟(jì)問題
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
7 Profit and Loss 利潤(rùn)與虧損
Wage, Rent, and Interest: Incomes Established in Advance byContract
工資、租金和利息:用合同事先確定的收入
Profit: Income That Can Be Positive or Negative 利潤(rùn):可正可負(fù)的收入
Calculating Profit: What Should Be Included in Costs? 計(jì)算利潤(rùn):哪些應(yīng)該計(jì)入成本?
Comparing Economic Profit and Accounting Profit 比較經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)和會(huì)計(jì)利潤(rùn)
Uncertainty: A Necessary Condition for Profit 不確定性:利潤(rùn)的必要條件
The Entrepreneur 企業(yè)家
The Entrepreneur as Residual Claimant 作為剩余索取者的企業(yè)家
Not-for-Profit Institutions 非營(yíng)利機(jī)構(gòu)
Entrepreneurship and the Market Process 企業(yè)家才能與市場(chǎng)過程
Mere Luck? 僅僅是運(yùn)氣嗎?
Profit and Loss as Coordinating Signals: The Role of MonetaryCalculation
利潤(rùn)與虧損作為協(xié)調(diào)的信號(hào):貨幣計(jì)量的作用
Beware of Experts 小心專家
An Appendix: Profiteering in Futures Markets 延伸閱讀:在期貨市場(chǎng)上賺取利潤(rùn)
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
8 Price Searching 覓 價(jià)
The Popular Theory of Price Setting 定價(jià)的流行理論
Introducing Ed Sike 艾德?賽克登場(chǎng)
The Basic Rule for Maximizing Net Revenue 凈收益最大化的基本法則
The Concept of Marginal Revenue 邊際收益的概念
Why Marginal Revenue Is Less Than Price 為什么邊際收益會(huì)低于價(jià)格?
Setting Marginal Revenue to Equal Marginal Cost 讓邊際收益等于邊際成本
What About Those Empty Seats? 那些空座位呢?
The Price Discriminator’s Dilemma 差別定價(jià)者的困境
The College as Price Searcher 學(xué)校作為覓價(jià)者
Some Strategies for Price Discrimination 一些差別定價(jià)策略
Ed Sike Finds a Way 艾德?賽克找到了一個(gè)辦法
Resentment and Rationale 不滿情緒與“合理化”辯解
Lunch and Dinner Prices 午餐價(jià)和晚餐價(jià)
Cost-Plus-Markup Reconsidered 重新思考成本加成
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
9 Competition and Government Policy 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與政府政策
Competition as a Process 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)作為一個(gè)過程
The Pressures of Competition 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的壓力
Controlling Competition 控制競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
Restrictions on Competition 對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的限制
Competition for the Key Resource:
The $600,000 Taxi License 對(duì)核心資源的競(jìng)爭(zhēng):60萬美元的出租車執(zhí)照
Competition and Property Rights 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)
The Ambivalence of Government Policies 政府政策的矛盾性
Selling Below Cost 低于成本銷售
What Is the Appropriate Cost? 什么是適當(dāng)?shù)某杀荆?nbsp;
“Predators” and Competition “掠奪者”和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
Regulating Prices 價(jià)格管制
“Antitrust” Policy “反托拉斯”政策
Interpretations and Applications 解釋和應(yīng)用
Vertical Restraints: Competitive or Anticompetitive 縱向限制:競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或反競(jìng)爭(zhēng)
The Range of Opinion 觀點(diǎn)譜系
Toward Evaluation 對(duì)于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)政策的評(píng)估
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
10 Externalities and Conflicting Rights 外部性與沖突的權(quán)利
Externalities, Negative and Positive 正外部性和負(fù)外部性
Perfection Is Unattainable 十全十美無法達(dá)到
Negotiation 協(xié) 商
Reducing Externalities Through Adjudication 通過裁定減少外部性
The Case of the Complaining Homeowner 抱怨的房主
The Importance of Precedents 先例的重要性
The Problem of Radical Change 劇烈變化帶來的問題
Reducing Externalities Through Legislation 通過立法減少外部性
Minimizing Costs 把成本降到最低
Another Approach: Taxing Emissions 另一種辦法:征收排放稅
Licenses to Pollute? 污染許可證?
Efficiency and Fairness 效率和公平
The Bubble Concept 泡泡法
Rights and the Social Problem of Pollution 權(quán)利和污染帶來的社會(huì)問題
Traffic Congestion as an Externality 交通擁堵作為一種外部性
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
11 Markets and Government 市場(chǎng)與政府
Private Versus Public? 私人還是公共?
Competition and Individualism 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和個(gè)人主義
Economic Theory and Government Action 經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和政府行為
The Right to Use Coercion 采取強(qiáng)制的權(quán)利
Is Government Necessary? 政府是必要的嗎?
Excluding Nonpayers 排除不付錢的人
The Free-Rider Problem 搭便車問題
Positive Externalities and Free Riders 正外部性和搭便車
Law and Order 法律和秩序
National Defense 國(guó) 防
Roads and Schools 道路和學(xué)!
Income Redistribution 收入再分配
The Regulation of Voluntary Exchange 自愿交易的管制
Government and the Public Interest 政府和公共利益
Information and Democratic Governments 信息和民主政府
The Interests of Elected Officials 民選官員的利益
Concentrated Benefits, Dispersed Costs 集中的收益,分散的成本
Positive Externalities and Government Policies 正外部性和政府政策
How Do People Identify the Public Interest? 人們?nèi)绾谓缍ü怖妗?br /> The Prisoners’ Dilemma 囚徒困境
The Limits of Political Institutions 政治制度的局限
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
12 Measuring the Overall Performance of EconomicSystems
衡量經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)的整體績(jī)效
Gross Domestic Product 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值
GDP or GNP? GDP還是GNP?
GDP as Total Income Created in the Domestic Economy
GDP作為國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)造的總收入
GDP Is Not a Measure of All Purchases in the Economy
GDP衡量的并非經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)中的所有購(gòu)買
GDP as Total Value Added GDP作為總附加價(jià)值
Is Value Added Always Positive? 附加價(jià)值是否總是正的?
Loose Ends: Unsold Inventories and Used Goods 零散問題:未出售的存貨和二手貨
Aggregate Fluctuations 總量波動(dòng)
Unemployment and Nonemployment 失業(yè)和未就業(yè)
Employed, Not Employed, and Unemployed 就業(yè)、未就業(yè)和失業(yè)
Labor-Market Decisions 勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)中的決策
Unemployment and Recessions 失業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退
Inflation 通貨膨脹
The Difficulties of Monetary Calculation 貨幣計(jì)量的難題
Recession and Inflation Since 1960 1960年以來的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退和通貨膨脹
What Causes Aggregate Fluctuations? 什么導(dǎo)致總量波動(dòng)?
An Appendix: Limitations of National Income Accounting
延伸閱讀:國(guó)民收入核算的局限
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
13 The Wealth of Nations: Globalization and EconomicGrowth
國(guó)家的財(cái)富:全球化與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)
Who Is Rich, Who Is Poor? 誰富,誰窮?
The Historical Record 歷史記錄
Sources of Economic Growth 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的源泉
Foreign Investment 外國(guó)投資
Human Capital 人力資本
Oil Comes from Our Minds 石油來自我們的頭腦
Economic Freedom Index 經(jīng)濟(jì)自由度指數(shù)
The Developmental Power of Private Property Rights 私有產(chǎn)權(quán)對(duì)發(fā)展的作用
The Asian Record 亞洲記錄
Outside of Asia 亞洲之外
Globalization and Its Discontents 全球化及其不滿
The Power of Popular Opinion 公眾意見的力量
The Power of Special Interests 特殊利益的力量
The Outsourcing Controversy: Soundbytes vs. Analysis 外包的爭(zhēng)論:脫口秀還是分析
An Appendix: The Difficulties of International GDPComparisons
延伸閱讀:跨國(guó)GDP比較的難點(diǎn)
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
14 Money 貨 幣
The Evolution of Money 貨幣的演化
The Myth of Fiat Money 法定貨幣的故事
The Nature of Money Today 當(dāng)今貨幣的性質(zhì)
So How Much Money Is Out There? 市面上有多少貨幣?
The Creation of Money 貨幣的創(chuàng)造
What Can Be Created Can Be Destroyed 任何可以創(chuàng)造出來的東西都可以被滅失
Credibility and Confidence 信用和信任
Banks Under Regulation: Legal Reserve Requirements
受管制的銀行:法定存款準(zhǔn)備金制度
The Fed as Monitor and Rule Enforcer 美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)作為監(jiān)督者和規(guī)則實(shí)施者
The Tools Used by the Fed 美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)的工具
The Discount Rate 貼現(xiàn)率
Open Market Operations 公開市場(chǎng)操作
But Who Is Really in Charge? 但是誰真正做主呢?
An Appendix: What about Gold? 延伸閱讀:那么黃金呢?
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
15 Economic Performance and Real-World Politics 經(jīng)濟(jì)績(jī)效和真實(shí)世界中的政治
The Great Depression 經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條
What Really Happens in a Recession? 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期間究竟會(huì)發(fā)生什么?
A Cluster of Errors 錯(cuò)誤集群
Monetary Mismanagement, Monetary Miscalculation 貨幣的不良管理和錯(cuò)誤計(jì)算
Monetary Equilibrium 貨幣均衡
When Is Monetary Policy Effective? 貨幣政策何時(shí)有效?
The Case for Fiscal Policy 財(cái)政政策
The Necessity of Good Timing 掌握好時(shí)機(jī)的必要性
The Federal Budget as a Policy Tool 聯(lián)邦預(yù)算作為一種政策工具
Time Horizons and Politics 任期和政治
Deficits Unlimited 無限度的赤字
Why Not Government at All Levels? 為什么不是各級(jí)政府都如此?
Discretion and Rules 自由裁量和規(guī)則
Who Is at the Controls? 誰掌權(quán)?
Once Over Lightly 簡(jiǎn)短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
16 Renewal of the Debate: Some Parting Thoughts 辯論的更新:臨別的思想贈(zèng)言
The Great Financial Crisis of 2008 . . . and Beyond 2008年及其后的金融大海嘯
But First: The S&L Crisis of the 1980s 先得回顧20世紀(jì)80年代的存貸危機(jī)
The Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Hurting the Disadvantaged by Helpingthe Disadvantaged
次貸危機(jī):對(duì)弱勢(shì)群體的幫助反而害了他們
Profit, Loss, and Bailout: Can a Government Agency Be a GoodEntrepreneur?
利潤(rùn)、虧損和援助:政府機(jī)構(gòu)可以成為一個(gè)好企業(yè)家嗎?
What Economists Know and the Limitations of Economics
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家知道什么和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的局限
Beyond Mere Economics 超越純粹的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)
Glossary 重要詞匯
Index 索 引