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本教材以國家標準《旅游資源分類、調(diào)查與評價》為邏輯主線，全書分為三篇十二章。第一篇為基本概念與基本理論，包括旅游資源的概念和基本理論（第一章）、旅游資源調(diào)查與評價的內(nèi)容和方法（第二章）；第二篇則按照國家標準《旅游資源分類、調(diào)查與評價》中八個主類展開，分別為地文景觀（第三章）、水文景觀（第四章）、生物景觀（第五章）、天象與氣候景觀（第六章）、遺址遺跡（第七章）、建筑與設(shè)施（第八章）、旅游商品（第九章）和人文活動（第十章）；第三篇為旅游資源保護與開發(fā)的理論與實踐，主要是拓展學生高級思維，包括旅游資源的保護（第十一章）和旅游資源的開發(fā)（第十二章）。

旅游資源學是高等院校旅游管理專業(yè)必修的核心課程之一，旅游資源學內(nèi)容具有涉及面廣、操作性強、動態(tài)變化快等特點。本教材以傳達清晰的概念、可操作性強的方法為教學目標，緊扣《旅游資源分類、調(diào)查與評價》*新國家標準。本教材以國家標準《旅游資源分類、調(diào)查與評價》為邏輯主線，全書分為兩個部分共九章。第一部分為基本概念與基本理論，著重于明晰旅游資源的概念和基本理論（第1章）、旅游資源調(diào)查與評價的內(nèi)容和方法（第2章）、旅游資源開發(fā)與保護（第3章）；第二部分分別對地文景觀資源（第4章）、水文景觀資源（第5章）、生物和氣候景觀（第6章）、遺產(chǎn)與建筑景觀（第7章）、人文活動（第8章）和旅游商品（第9章）等主要旅游資源類型的基本概念、保護與開發(fā)的方法等進行了系統(tǒng)闡述。本教材是集體合作的結(jié)晶。根據(jù)各章內(nèi)容撰寫者的工作分工、參與程度與實際貢獻，主編為黃瀟婷，副主編為黃琢瑋。本教材的章節(jié)貢獻者如下：黃瀟婷、汪佳慧、郭秋琪、邵衛(wèi)芳、陳秋霞（第1章）；黃瀟婷、王志慧、郭秋琪（第2章）；孫晉坤、郭籽萌(第3章)；黃瀟婷、汪佳慧、陳秋霞、邵衛(wèi)芳（第4章）；黃琢瑋（第5章）；相沂曉（第6章）；王素潔、汪佳慧、王心珂、宋廣鑫、石穆沙（第7章）；黃琢瑋（第8章）；韓若冰（第9章）。與國外同類教材相比較，本教材注重培養(yǎng)學生的系統(tǒng)思維，全面系統(tǒng)地構(gòu)建學生旅游資源學知識體系，在案例選擇方面注重體現(xiàn)中國文化自信，并將中國在生態(tài)文明建設(shè)和保護生物多樣性等方面的做法融入教材內(nèi)容中。此外，本教材與已經(jīng)在中國大學慕課、智慧樹和愛課程平臺上線的《旅游資源學》全英文課程相匹配。由于編者水平有限,本書仍有不少待完善之處,希望讀者在使用過程中幫助我們發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,指出錯誤或不當之處,以便再版時修正、提高。黃瀟婷2023年1月PrefaceTourism Resources is one of the required courses for tourism management majors in colleges and universities. The content of tourism resources has the characteristics of wide coverage, strong operability, and fast dynamic changes. The current textbook closely follows the latest national standards of Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources, aiming to provide clear concepts and highly operable methods to the audience.The textbook follows the logical sequence of Classification, Investigation and Evaluation of Tourism Resources, and is structured into two parts with nine chapters. The first three chapters of PartⅠcover the basic concept and basic theory, focusing on clarifying the concept and basic theory of tourism resources (Chap. 1), the content and methods of tourism resources investigation and evaluation (Chap. 2), the development and protection of tourism resources (Chap. 3).Part Ⅱ systematically clarified the basic concepts, protection, and development methods of the main tourism resources. Specifically, geological landscape (Chap. 4), water tourism？ocean tourism (Chap. 5), biological and climate landscape (Chap. 6), heritage tourism landscape (Chap. 7), humanistic activities (Chap. 8), and tourism commodities (Chap. 9).This is a collaborative project. According to participation and contributions submitted by authors, the chief editor is Huang Xiaoting and the deputy chief editor is Huang Zhuowei. The chapter contributors are as follows: Huang Xiaoting, Wang Jiahui, Guo Qiuqi,Shao Weifang, Chen Qiuxia (Chap. 1 ); Huang Xiaoting, Wang Zhihui, Guo Qiuqi (Chap. 2); Sun Jinkun, Guo Zimeng(Chap. 3); Huang Xiaoting, Wang Jiahui,Chen Qiuxia,Shao Weifang (Chap. 4); Huang Zhuowei (Chap. 5); Xiang Yixiao (Chap. 6); Wang Sujie, Wang Jiahui, Wang Xinke, Song Guangxin, Shi Musha (Chap. 7); Huang Zhuowei (Chap. 8 ); and Han Ruobing (Chap. 9).Compared with similar foreign textbooks, this book featured the following aspects: focusing on cultivating the systematic thinking of students, constructing tourism resources knowledge system of students, reflecting Chinese culture when selecting cases, and integrating Chinas practice of ecological construction, biodiversity protection, and other aspects into the textbook. Besides, this textbook is supported by video resources Tourism Resources, an online English course that is available on the platforms such as Chinese University MOOC, Wisdom Tree, and Love Course.Limitations existed in the current book due to the authors ability. In order to see improvement in future editions, comments, criticisms, or corrections to any of the existing content will be gratefully appreciated.Huang Xiaoting January,2023

Chapter 1　Basic Concept and Theory of Tourism Resources ／001

1.1 Tourism Resources and New Tourism Resources View ／003

1.1.1 The Study of Tourism Resources Concept ／003

1.1.2 The Attributes of Tourism Resources ／007

1.1.3 New Tourism Resources View ／007

1.2 Tourism System and Tourism Products ／008

1.2.1 Tourism System and Tourism Resources ／008

1.2.2 Tourism Products ／012

1.2.3 Tourism Product Life Cycle ／014

1.3 Characteristics of Tourism Resources ／016

1.3.1 Diversity ／016

1.3.2 Territoriality ／017

1.3.3 Comprehensiveness ／019

1.3.4 Oriented Attractiveness ／020

1.3.5 Ornamental Value ／020

1.3.6 Cultural Value ／021

1.3.7 Sustainability ／022

1.3.8 Non？renewability ／023

Chapter 2　Content and Method of Tourism Resource

Investigation and Evaluation ／025

2.1 Content of Tourism Resources Investigation ／026

2.1.1 Classification of Tourism Resources ／026

2.1.2 Content ／035

2.2 Models, Procedures and Methods of Tourism

Resources Investigation ／037

2.2.1 Models of Investigation ／037

2.2.2 Procedures of Investigation ／039

2.2.3 Methods of Investigation ／041

2.3 Evaluation of Tourism Resources ／042

2.3.1 Purpose and Content of the Evaluation ／043

2.3.2 Evaluation Criteria and Principles ／044

2.2.3 Evaluation Methods ／046

Chapter 3　Development and Protection of

Tourism Resources ／049

3.1 Tourism Resources Development ／050

3.1.1 Overview of Tourism Resources Development ／050

3.1.2 Theoretical Basis of Tourism Resources Development ／057

3.1.3 Tourism Resources Development Process ／058

3.2 Protection of Tourism Resources ／060

3.2.1 Destructive Factors of Tourism Resources ／060

3.2.2 Tourism Resource Management ／062

3.2.3 Protection Measures for Tourism Resources ／064

3.3 Sustainable Development of Tourism Resources ／065

3.3.1 Sustainable Development Concept of Tourism Resources ／065

3.3.2 Barriers to Sustainable Development of Tourism Resources ／067

3.3.3 Sustainable Development Path of Tourism Resources ／070

Chapter 4　Geological Landscape ／074

4.1 Overview of Geological Landscape ／075

4.1.1 The Definition of Geological Landscape ／075

4.1.2 The Features of Geological Landscape ／076

4.1.3 The Implications of the Geological Landscape ／077

4.2 The Typology of Geological Landscape ／080

4.2.1 Natural Landscape Complex ／081

4.2.2 Geological and Tectonic Traces ／082

4.2.3 Surface Morphology ／083

4.2.4 Natural Markers and Natural Phenomena ／084

4.3 The Development and Utilization of Geological Landscape ／085

4.3.1 Tourism Function of Geological Landscape ／085

4.3.2 Geological Landscape Development ／088

Chapter 5　Water Tourism？Ocean Tourism ／092

5.1 Water Tourism？Ocean Tourism ／093

5.1.1 The Definition of Water Tourism？Ocean Tourism ／093

5.1.2 The Major Activities of Water Tourism？Ocean Tourism ／093

5.1.3 Typical Issues and Concerns of Water Tourism？Ocean Tourism ／094

5.2 Water Tourism？Seaside Tourism ／095

5.2.1 The Definition of Water Tourism？Seaside Tourism ／095

5.2.2 The Activities of Water Tourism？Seaside Tourism ／095

5.2.3 Typical Issues and Concerns of Water Tourism？ Seaside Tourism ／096

5.3 Water Tourism？Lake Tourism ／098

5.3.1 The Definition of Water Tourism？Lake Tourism ／098

5.3.2 The Activities of Water Tourism？Lake Tourism ／098

5.3.3 Typical Issues and Concerns ／098

5.4 Water Tourism？Wetland Tourism ／099

5.4.1 The Definition of Water Tourism？Wetland Tourism ／099

5.4.2 The Activities of Water Tourism？Wetland Tourism ／100

5.4.3 Typical Issues and Concerns of Water Tourism？Wetland Tourism ／100

Chapter 6　Biological and Climate Landscape ／103

6.1 Biological Landscape as Tourism Resources ／104

6.1.1 Definition of Biological Landscape ／104

6.1.2 Biological Resources and Tourism ／105

6.1.3 The Characteristics of Biological Resources ／105

6.1.4 Categorizing Biological Landscapes for Tourism ／110

6.1.5 Conservation Frameworks for Biological Resources ／119

6.2 Climate Landscape as Tourism Resources ／121

6.2.1 Defining Climate and Meteorology Tourism Resources ／121

6.2.2 Characteristics of Climate and Meteorology Tourism Resources ／122

6.2.3 Impact of Climate and Meteorology Elements on Tourism Activities ／123

6.2.4 Categories of Climate Landscape Resources ／124

Chapter 7　Heritage Tourism Resources ／129

7.1 Overview of Heritage Resources ／130

7.1.1 The Definition of Heritage ／130

7.1.2 The Implications of Heritage Resources ／132

7.2 The Typology of Heritage Tourism Resources ／134

7.2.1 Natural Heritage ／135

7.2.2 Tangible Cultural Heritage ／137

7.2.3 Assessment of World Natural and Cultural Heritage ／140

7.2.4 Intangible Cultural Heritage ／141

7.2.5 Mixed Heritage ／146

7.3 The Development and Protection of Heritage

Tourism Resources ／148

7.3.1 The Development of Heritage Tourism Resources ／148

7.3.2 The Protection of Heritage Tourism Resources ／153

Chapter 8　Humanistic Activities ／159

8.1 The Concept of Humanistic Activities ／160

8.2 Personnel Records ／162

8.3 Art ／163

8.4 Folk Customs ／165

8.5 Modern Festivals ／168

8.6 Festivals and Events ／169

8.7 Hometown/Residence of Celebrities ／171

8.7.1 The Definitions of Hometown/Residence of Celebrities ／171

8.7.2 The Activities of Hometown/Residence of Celebrities ／172

8.8 Performance ／173

8.8.1 The Definitions of Performance ／173

8.8.2 The Activities of Performance ／173

Chapter 9　Tourism Commodities ／175

9.1 The Definitions and Attributes of Tourism Commodities ／176

9.1.1 The Definitions of Tourism Commodities ／176

9.1.2 The Fundamental Types of Tourism Commodities ／179

9.1.3 The Attributes of Tourism Commodities ／180

9.2 Tourism Handicrafts ／181

9.2.1 The Definitions of Tourism Handicrafts ／181

9.2.2 The Fundamental Types of Tourism Handicrafts ／182

9.2.3 The Attributes of Tourism Handicrafts ／183

9.3 Souvenirs ／184

9.3.1 The Definitions of Souvenirs ／184

9.3.2 The Fundamental Types of Souvenirs ／185

9.3.3 The Attributes of the Souvenirs ／186

9.4 Specialties ／187

9.4.1 The Definitions of Specialties ／187

9.4.2 The Fundamental Types of Specialties ／188

9.4.3 The Attributes of Specialties ／188

9.5 Tourism Supplies and Consumables ／188

9.5.1 The Definitions of Tourism Supplies and Consumables ／189

9.5.2 The Fundamental Types of Tourism Supplies and Consumables ／189

9.5.3 The Attributes of Tourism Supplies and Consumables ／189

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