第1 章 C 語言概述 ···························································································.1
1.1 C 語言產(chǎn)生的背景 ·················································································.1
1.2 C 語言的特點 ·······················································································.2
1.3 C 語言程序的結構 ·················································································.2
1.3.1 C 語言程序的基本單位 ···································································.2
1.3.2 C 語言函數(shù)的格式 ·········································································.2
1.3.3 關鍵字 ·······················································································.4
1.4 C 語言程序的集成開發(fā)環(huán)境 ·····································································.5
1.4.1 Dev-C++的安裝和使用 ···································································.5
1.4.2 Visual C++ 2010 的安裝和使用 ·························································.9
實訓1 認識C 語言程序 ········································································.16
本章小結 ··································································································.17
習題1 ······································································································.17
第2 章 數(shù)據(jù)類型、運算符與表達式 ·····································································.19
2.1 C 語言的數(shù)據(jù)類型 ················································································.19
2.2 常量與變量 ·························································································.20
2.2.1 直接常量和符號常量 ····································································.20
2.2.2 變量 ·························································································.22
2.2.3 常變量 ······················································································.22
2.3 整型數(shù)據(jù) ····························································································.23
2.3.1 整型常量 ···················································································.23
2.3.2 整型變量 ···················································································.24
實訓2 使用整型數(shù)據(jù) ···········································································.27
2.4 實型數(shù)據(jù) ····························································································.28
2.4.1 實型常量 ···················································································.28
2.4.2 實型變量 ···················································································.29
實訓3 使用實型數(shù)據(jù) ···········································································.30
2.5 字符型數(shù)據(jù) ·························································································.31
2.5.1 字符常量 ···················································································.31
2.5.2 字符變量 ···················································································.32
2.5.3 字符串常量 ················································································.34
實訓4 使用字符型數(shù)據(jù) ········································································.35
2.6 算術運算符和算術表達式 ·······································································.36
2.7 賦值運算符和賦值表達式 ·······································································.38
2.8 關系運算符和關系表達式 ·······································································.43
2.9 邏輯運算符與邏輯表達式 ·······································································.44
2.10 逗號運算符和逗號表達式 ·····································································.46
2.11 位運算 ·····························································································.47
2.11.1 位邏輯運算符 ············································································.48
2.11.2 移位運算符 ···············································································.50
2.11.3 位賦值運算符 ············································································.50
2.11.4 不同長度的數(shù)據(jù)進行位運算 ··························································.51
實訓5 使用運算符和表達式 ··································································.51
本章小結 ··································································································.54
習題2 ······································································································.54
第3 章 基本程序結構 ·······················································································.58
3.1 C 語言程序的3 種基本結構 ····································································.58
3.2 C 語言語句 ·························································································.59
3.2.1 C 語言語句的類型 ········································································.59
3.2.2 賦值語句 ···················································································.60
3.3 數(shù)據(jù)的輸入/輸出 ··················································································.61
3.3.1 字符輸入/輸出函數(shù)——putchar()函數(shù)和getchar()函數(shù) ····························.61
3.3.2 格式輸入/輸出函數(shù)——printf()函數(shù)和scanf()函數(shù) ································.63
實訓6 使用輸入/輸出函數(shù) ····································································.69
3.4 順序結構的程序設計 ·············································································.72
3.5 選擇結構的程序設計 ·············································································.73
3.5.1 if 語句 ·······················································································.73
3.5.2 switch 語句 ·················································································.78
實訓7 if 語句和switch 語句的使用 ·························································.80
3.6 循環(huán)結構的程序設計 ·············································································.85
3.6.1 goto 語句 ···················································································.85
3.6.2 while 語句、do-while 語句和for 語句 ················································.86
3.6.3 循環(huán)語句的嵌套結構 ····································································.91
3.6.4 break 語句和continue 語句 ·····························································.93
實訓8 while 語句、do-while 語句和for 語句的使用 ·····································.95
課程設計1 猜數(shù)字游戲 ············································································.103
本章小結 ································································································.105
習題3 ····································································································.105
第4 章 數(shù)組 ·································································································.111
4.1 一維數(shù)組 ··························································································.111
4.1.1 一維數(shù)組的定義、引用和初始化 ····················································.112
4.1.2 一維數(shù)組的應用 ········································································.116
實訓9 一維數(shù)組的使用 ······································································.117
4.2 二維數(shù)組 ··························································································.121
4.2.1 二維數(shù)組的定義 ········································································.122
4.2.2 二維數(shù)組的引用 ········································································.122
4.2.3 二維數(shù)組的初始化 ·····································································.123
實訓10 二維數(shù)組的使用 ·····································································.124
4.3 字符數(shù)組 ··························································································.128
4.3.1 字符數(shù)組的定義、引用和初始化 ····················································.128
4.3.2 字符串的輸入/輸出 ·····································································.129
4.3.3 字符串處理函數(shù) ········································································.131
實訓11 字符數(shù)組的使用 ·····································································.133
課程設計2 數(shù)組的增、刪、改、查 ·····························································.134
本章小結 ································································································.136
習題4 ····································································································.137
第5 章 指針 ·································································································.143
5.1 指針和指針變量 ·················································································.143
5.1.1 變量的地址 ··············································································.143
5.1.2 變量的指針和指針變量································································.144
5.1.3 取地址運算符和指針運算符 ··························································.144
實訓12 指針的初步應用 ·····································································.145
5.2 指針與數(shù)組 ·······················································································.146
5.2.1 指針與一維數(shù)組 ········································································.146
5.2.2 指針與二維數(shù)組 ········································································.149
5.2.3 指針數(shù)組和指向指針的指針 ··························································.151
5.2.4 指針數(shù)組作為main()函數(shù)的形參 ····················································.153
實訓13 指針的應用 ···········································································.154
本章小結 ································································································.158
習題5 ····································································································.158
第6 章 函數(shù) ·································································································.164
6.1 函數(shù)的定義 ·······················································································.164
實訓14 建立和使用函數(shù) ·····································································.166
6.2 函數(shù)的參數(shù)與返回值 ···········································································.168
6.2.1 形式參數(shù)與實際參數(shù) ··································································.168
6.2.2 參數(shù)的值傳遞方式和地址傳遞方式 ·················································.169
實訓15 參數(shù)的值傳遞方式和地址傳遞方式的應用 ····································.171
6.2.3 參數(shù)類型 ·················································································.172
實訓16 函數(shù)參數(shù)傳遞的方式 ·······························································.174
6.2.4 函數(shù)的返回值 ···········································································.175
實訓17 函數(shù)的返回值的應用 ·······························································.176
6.3 函數(shù)的調用 ·······················································································.178
6.3.1 調用函數(shù)的基本問題 ··································································.178
6.3.2 函數(shù)的嵌套調用 ········································································.180
6.3.3 函數(shù)的遞歸調用 ········································································.181
實訓18 嵌套調用與遞歸調用的實現(xiàn) ······················································.183
6.4 函數(shù)與指針 ·······················································································.185
6.4.1 返回指針值的函數(shù) ·····································································.185
6.4.2 指向函數(shù)的指針 ········································································.186
6.5 變量作用域和存儲類別 ········································································.188
6.5.1 局部變量 ·················································································.188
6.5.2 全局變量 ·················································································.189
6.5.3 變量的存儲類別 ········································································.191
實訓19 局部變量和全局變量的使用 ······················································.194
6.6 內部函數(shù)和外部函數(shù) ···········································································.195
6.6.1 內部函數(shù) ·················································································.195
6.6.2 外部函數(shù) ·················································································.195
課程設計3 模擬自動取款機 ······································································.196
本章小結 ································································································.199
習題6 ····································································································.200
第7 章 編譯預處理 ························································································.204
7.1 預處理命令概述 ·················································································.204
7.2 宏定義 ·····························································································.205
7.2.1 不帶參數(shù)的宏定義 ·····································································.205
7.2.2 帶參數(shù)的宏定義 ········································································.207
7.3 文件包含 ··························································································.210
7.4 條件編譯 ··························································································.211
實訓20 定義宏和使用宏 ·····································································.213
本章小結 ································································································.216
習題7 ····································································································.216
第8 章 結構體和鏈表 ·····················································································.220
8.1 結構體 ·····························································································.220
8.1.1 結構體的定義、引用和初始化 ·······················································.220
8.1.2 結構體數(shù)組和結構體指針 ·····························································.227
8.1.3 結構體與函數(shù) ···········································································.230
實訓21 結構體的應用 ········································································.233
8.2 鏈表 ································································································.234
8.2.1 鏈表的概念 ··············································································.234
8.2.2 鏈表的實現(xiàn) ··············································································.235
8.2.3 鏈表的操作 ··············································································.238
8.3 共用體類型和枚舉類型 ········································································.242
8.3.1 共用體類型的定義、使用和初始化 ·················································.242
8.3.2 枚舉類型的定義、使用和初始化 ····················································.244
8.4 類型定義 ··························································································.245
課程設計4 學生管理程序 ·········································································.246
本章小結 ································································································.251
習題8 ····································································································.251
第9 章 文件 ·································································································.256
9.1 文件類型指針 ····················································································.258
9.2 文件的打開與關閉 ··············································································.259
9.3 文件的讀/寫操作 ················································································.261
實訓22 文件加密程序的實現(xiàn)及文件的讀/寫操作 ······································.264
9.4 文件定位與出錯檢測 ···········································································.269
9.4.1 文件定位函數(shù)——fseek()函數(shù) ·······················································.269
9.4.2 出錯檢測函數(shù)——ferror()函數(shù) ·······················································.269
9.5 其他文件函數(shù) ····················································································.270
實訓23 文件定位操作 ········································································.271
課程設計5 學生管理程序（文件版本） ························································.273
本章小結 ································································································.278
習題9 ····································································································.279
第10 章 實訓項目 ·························································································.281
10.1 趣味程序 ························································································.281
10.1.1 移動的心 ················································································.281
10.1.2 彩色文字 ················································································.284
10.1.3 五子棋 ···················································································.285
10.1.4 姓名大作戰(zhàn) ·············································································.289
10.2 密碼管理系統(tǒng) ··················································································.291
10.2.1 系統(tǒng)基本需求 ··········································································.291
10.2.2 結構設計 ················································································.295
10.2.3 功能函數(shù)的實現(xiàn) ·······································································.296
10.2.4 項目總結 ················································································.301
附錄A 常用字符與標準ASCII 碼的對照表 ··························································.302
附錄B 運算符的優(yōu)先級和結合性 ······································································.304
附錄C 常用庫函數(shù) ························································································.306