CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Radar Systems and Signal Processing 雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)與信號處理概述
1.1 History and Applications of Radar 雷達(dá)的歷史和應(yīng)用
1.2 Basic Radar Functions 雷達(dá)的基本功能
1.3 Elements of a Radar 雷達(dá)的基本組成
1.3.1 Radar Frequencies 雷達(dá)頻率
1.3.2 Radar Waveforms and Transmitters 雷達(dá)波形和發(fā)射機(jī)
1.3.3 Antennas 天線
1.3.4 Virtual Elements and Virtual Arrays 等效陣元和等效陣列
1.3.5 Receivers 接收機(jī)
1.4 Common Threads in Radar Signal Processing 雷達(dá)信號處理的共同主線
1.4.1 Signal-to-Interference Ratio 信干比
1.4.2 Resolution and Region of Support 分辨率與支撐域
1.4.3 Integration and Phase History Modeling 積累與相位歷程建模
1.5 A Preview of Basic Radar Signal Processing 基本雷達(dá)信號處理概述
1.5.1 Radar Time Scales 雷達(dá)的時(shí)間尺度
1.5.2 Phenomenology 現(xiàn)象學(xué)
1.5.3 Signal Conditioning and Interference Suppression 信號調(diào)節(jié)和干擾抑制
1.5.4 Detection 檢測
1.5.5 Measurements and Track Filtering 測量與跟蹤濾波
1.5.6 Imaging 成像
1.6 Radar Literature 雷達(dá)文獻(xiàn)
1.6.1 Introductions to Radar Systems and Applications 雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用簡介
1.6.2 Basic Radar Signal Processing 基本雷達(dá)信號處理
1.6.3 Advanced Radar Signal Processing 高級雷達(dá)信號處理
1.6.4 Radar Applications 雷達(dá)的應(yīng)用
1.6.5 Current Radar Research 當(dāng)前的雷達(dá)研究
References 參考文獻(xiàn)
Problems 習(xí)題
CHAPTER 2 Signal Models 信號模型
2.1 Components of a Radar Signal 雷達(dá)信號的組成
2.2 Modeling Amplitude 幅度模型
2.2.1 Simple Point Target Radar Range Equation 點(diǎn)目標(biāo)的雷達(dá)距離方程
2.2.2 Distributed Target Forms of the Range Equation 分布式目標(biāo)的雷達(dá)距離方程
2.2.3 Radar Cross Section 雷達(dá)截面積
2.2.4 Radar Cross Section for Meteorological Targets 氣象目標(biāo)的雷達(dá)截面積
2.2.5 Statistical Description of Radar Cross Section 雷達(dá)截面積的統(tǒng)計(jì)描述
2.2.6 Target Fluctuation Models 目標(biāo)起伏模型
2.2.7 Swerling Models Swerling模型
2.2.8 Effect of Target Fluctuations on Doppler Spectrum 目標(biāo)起伏對多普勒譜的影響
2.3 Modeling Clutter 雜波模型
2.3.1 Behavior of σ0 σ0的性質(zhì)
2.3.2 Signal-to-Clutter Ratio 信雜比
2.3.3 Temporal and Spatial Correlation of Clutter 雜波的時(shí)間和空間相關(guān)性
2.3.4 Compound Models of Radar Cross Section 雷達(dá)截面積的混合模型
2.4 Noise Model and Signal-to-Noise Ratio 噪聲模型和信噪比
2.5 Jamming 干擾
2.6 Electromagnetic Interference 電磁干擾
2.7 Frequency Models: The Doppler Shift 頻率模型：多普勒頻移
2.7.1 Doppler Shift 多普勒頻移
2.7.2 The Stop-and-Hop Approximation and Phase History 停–跳近似和相位歷程
2.7.3 Measuring Doppler Shift: Spatial Doppler 多普勒頻移的測量：空間多普勒
2.8 Spatial Models 空間模型
2.8.1 Coherent Scattering 相干散射
2.8.2 Variation with Angle 隨角度的變化
2.8.3 Variation with Range 隨距離的變化
2.8.4 Noncoherent Scattering 非相干積累
2.8.5 Projections 投影
2.8.6 Multipath 多徑
2.9 Spectral Model 譜模型
2.10 Summary 總結(jié)
References 參考文獻(xiàn)
Problems 習(xí)題
CHAPTER 3 Radar Data Acquisition and Organization 雷達(dá)數(shù)據(jù)采集與存儲結(jié)構(gòu)
3.1 A Signal Processor’s Radar Architecture Model 信號處理器的雷達(dá)架構(gòu)模型
3.2 Measuring a Range Profile 距離像測量
3.2.1 Pulsed Radar Range Profile: One Pulse in Fast Time 脈沖雷達(dá)距離像：快時(shí)間中的脈沖信號
3.2.2 FMCW Radar Range Profile: One Sweep in Fast Time FMCW雷達(dá)距離像：快時(shí)間中的掃頻信號
3.3 Multiple Range Profiles: Slow Time and the CPI 多距離像：慢時(shí)間和相參處理時(shí)間
3.4 Multiple Channels: The Datacube 多通道：數(shù)據(jù)立方
3.5 Dwells 駐留時(shí)間
3.6 Sampling the Doppler Spectrum 多普勒頻譜采樣
3.6.1 The Nyquist Rate in Doppler 多普勒頻譜內(nèi)的奈奎斯特速率
3.6.2 Straddle Loss 跨越損失
3.7 Sampling in the Spatial and Angle Dimensions 空間和角度維采樣
3.7.1 Spatial Array Sampling 空間陣列采樣
3.7.2 Sampling in Angle 角度采樣
3.8 I/Q Imbalance and Digital I/Q I/Q通道不均衡與數(shù)字I/Q
3.8.1 I/Q Imbalance and Offset I/Q通道不均衡及其補(bǔ)償
3.8.2 Correcting I/Q Errors I/Q通道誤差校正
3.8.3 Digital I/Q 數(shù)字I/Q
3.9 Summary 總結(jié)
References 參考文獻(xiàn)
Problems 習(xí)題
CHAPTER 4 Radar Waveforms 雷達(dá)波形
4.1 Introduction 簡介
4.2 The Waveform Matched Filter 波形匹配濾波器
4.2.1 The Matched Filter 匹配濾波器
4.2.2 Matched Filter for the Simple Pulse 簡單脈沖匹配濾波器
4.2.3 All-Range Coherent Matched Filtering 全距離相參匹配濾波器
4.2.4 Straddle Loss 跨越損失
4.2.5 Range Resolution of the Matched Filter 匹配濾波器的距離分辨率
4.3 Matched Filtering of Moving Targets 動目標(biāo)的匹配濾波
4.4 The Ambiguity Function 模糊函數(shù)
4.4.1 Definition and Properties of the Ambiguity Function 模糊函數(shù)的定義和性質(zhì)
4.4.2 Ambiguity Function of the Simple Pulse 簡單脈沖的模糊函數(shù)
4.5 The Pulse Burst Waveform 脈沖串波形
4.5.1 Matched Filter for the Pulse Burst Waveform 脈沖串波形的匹配濾波器
4.5.2 Pulse-by-Pulse Processing 逐個(gè)脈沖處理
4.5.3 Range Ambiguity 距離模糊
4.5.4 Doppler Response of the Pulse Burst Waveform 脈沖串波形的多普勒響應(yīng)
4.5.5 Ambiguity Function for the Pulse Burst Waveform 脈沖串波形的模糊函數(shù)
4.5.6 The Slow-Time Spectrum and the Periodic Ambiguity Function 慢時(shí)間頻譜和周期模糊函數(shù)
4.6 Frequency-Modulated Pulse Compression Waveforms 調(diào)頻脈沖壓縮波形
4.6.1 Linear Frequency Modulation 線性調(diào)頻脈沖壓縮波形
4.6.2 The Principle of Stationary Phase 駐相原理
4.6.3 Ambiguity Function of the LFM Waveform LFM波形的模糊函數(shù)
4.6.4 Range-Doppler Coupling 距離-多普勒耦合
4.6.5 Stretch Processing 展寬處理
4.7 Range Sidelobe Control for FM Waveforms FM波形的距離旁瓣控制
4.7.1 Matched Filter Frequency Response Shaping 匹配濾波器頻率響應(yīng)整形
4.7.2 Matched Filter Impulse Response Shaping 匹配濾波器沖激響應(yīng)整形
4.7.3 Waveform Spectrum Shaping 波形頻譜整形
4.8 Frequency-Coded Waveforms 頻率編碼波形
4.8.1 The Stepped Frequency Waveform 步進(jìn)頻率波形
4.8.2 The Stepped Chirp Waveform 步進(jìn)線性調(diào)頻波形
4.8.3 Costas Frequency Codes Costas頻率編碼波形
4.9 Phase-Modulated Pulse Compression Waveforms 相位調(diào)制脈沖壓縮波形
4.9.1 Biphase Codes 二相編碼
4.9.2 Polyphase Codes 多相編碼
4.9.3 Mismatched Phase Code Filters 失配相位編碼濾波器
4.10 Continuous Wave Radar 連續(xù)波雷達(dá)
4.10.1 Single-Frequency CW 點(diǎn)頻連續(xù)波
4.10.2 Periodically Modulated CW 周期調(diào)制連續(xù)波
4.10.3 Linear Frequency-Modulated CW 線性調(diào)頻連續(xù)波
4.10.4 “Fast Chirp” Linear Frequency-Modulated CW 快速線性調(diào)頻序列連續(xù)波
4.10.5 Sidelobe Control in Linear FMCW 線性調(diào)頻連續(xù)波中的旁瓣控制
4.10.6 Other CW Waveforms 其他連續(xù)波波形
4.11 Frequency-Modulated versus Phase-Modulated Waveforms 頻率調(diào)制與相位調(diào)制波形
4.12 Summary 總結(jié)
References 參考文獻(xiàn)
Problems 習(xí)題
CHAPTER 5 Doppler Processing 多普勒處理
5.1 Introduction 簡介
5.2 Moving Platform Effects on the Doppler Spectrum 運(yùn)動平臺對多普勒譜的影響
5.3 Moving Target Indication 動目標(biāo)指示
5.3.1 Pulse Cancellers 脈沖對消器
5.3.2 Vector Formulation of the Matched Filter 匹配濾波器的矢量表示
5.3.3 Matched Filters for Clutter Suppression 雜波抑制的匹配濾波器
5.3.4 Blind Speeds and Staggered PRFs 盲速和參差脈沖重復(fù)頻率
5.3.5 MTI Figures of Merit MTI質(zhì)量圖
5.3.6 Limitations to MTI Performance MTI性能限制
5.4 Pulse Doppler Processing 脈沖多普勒處理
5.4.1 The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform of a Moving Target 動目標(biāo)的DTFT
5.4.2 Sampling the DTFT: The Discrete Fourier Transform DTFT采樣：DFT
5.4.3 The DFT of Noise 噪聲的DFT
5.4.4 Pulse Doppler Processing Gain 脈沖多普勒處理增益
5.4.5 Matched Filter and Filterbank Interpretations of Pulse Doppler Processing with the DFT 基于DFT的脈沖多普勒處理的匹配濾波器和濾波器組解釋
5.4.6 Fine Doppler Estimation 精細(xì)多普勒估計(jì)
5.4.7 Modern Spectral Estimation in Pulse Doppler Processing 脈沖多普勒處理的現(xiàn)代譜估計(jì)
5.4.8 CPI-to-CPI Stagger and Blind Zone Maps CPI間參差和盲區(qū)圖
5.5 Pulse Pair Processing 脈沖對處理
5.6 Additional Doppler Processing Issues 其他多普勒處理問題
5.6.1 Range Migration and the Keystone Transform 距離徙動與Keystone變換
5.6.2 Combined MTI and Pulse Doppler Processing MTI和脈沖多普勒級聯(lián)處理
5.6.3 Transient Effects 暫態(tài)影響
5.6.4 PRF Regimes 脈沖重復(fù)頻率體制
5.6.5 PRF Selection 脈沖重復(fù)頻率選擇
5.6.6 Ambiguity Resolution 模糊解決
5.7 Clutter Mapping 雜波圖
5.8 The Moving Target Detector 動目標(biāo)檢測器
5.9 MTI for Moving Platforms: Ground Moving Target Indication 運(yùn)動平臺的MTI：地面動目標(biāo)檢測
5.9.1 Simplified GMTI Clutter and Target Models 地面動目標(biāo)檢測雜波和目標(biāo)簡化模型
5.9.2 DPCA and ATI 相位中心偏移天線和ATI
5.9.3 Clutter Suppression Interferometry 雜波抑制干涉圖
5.9.4 Analysis of Adaptive DPCA 自適應(yīng)DPCA分析
5.10 Summary 總結(jié)
References 參考文獻(xiàn)
Problems 習(xí)題
CHAPTER 6 Detection Fundamentals 檢測基礎(chǔ)原理
6.1 Introduction 簡介
6.2 Radar Detection as Hypothesis Testing 雷達(dá)假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)檢測
6.2.1 The Neyman-Pearson Detection Rule 奈曼–皮爾遜檢測準(zhǔn)則
6.2.2 The Likelihood Ratio Test 似然比檢驗(yàn)
6.3 Threshold Detection in Coherent Systems 相干系統(tǒng)中的閾值檢測
6.3.1 The Gaussian Case for Coherent Receivers 相干接收機(jī)的高斯情況
6.3.2 Unknown Parameters and Threshold Detection 未知參數(shù)和閾值檢測
6.3.3 Linear and Square Law Detectors 線性檢測器和平方律檢測器
6.3.4 Other Unknown Parameters 其他未知參數(shù)
6.4 Threshold Detection of Radar Signals 雷達(dá)信號的閾值檢測
6.4.1 Coherent, Noncoherent, and Binary Integration 相干、非相干和二元積累
6.4.2 Nonfluctuating Targets 非起伏目標(biāo)
6.4.3 Albersheim’s Equation Albersheim方程
6.4.4 Fluctuating Targets 起伏目標(biāo)
6.4.5 Simplified Equations for PD for Some Swerling Cases 不同Swerling情形下的檢測概率簡化方程
6.4.6 Shnidman’s Equation Shnidman方程
6.4.7 Detection in Clutter 雜波中檢測
6.4.8 Binary Integration 二元積累
6.4.9 Integration Summary 積累總結(jié)
6.5 Constant False Alarm Rate Detection 恒虛警率檢測
6.5.1 The Effect of Unknown Interference Power on False Alarm Probability 未知干擾對虛警率的影響
6.5.2 Cell-Averaging CFAR 單元平均CFAR
6.5.3 Analysis of Cell-Averaging CFAR 單元平均CFAR分析
6.5.4 CA CFAR Limitations 單元平均CFAR的局限
6.5.5 Extensions to Cell-Averaging CFAR 單元平均CFAR的改進(jìn)方法
6.5.6 Order Statistic CFAR 有序統(tǒng)計(jì)CFAR
6.5.7 Adaptive CFAR 自適應(yīng)CFAR
6.5.8 CFAR for Two-Parameter PDFs 雙參數(shù)概率密度函數(shù)CFAR
6.5.9 Temporal CFAR 時(shí)域CFAR
6.5.10 Distribution-Free CFAR 概率分布無關(guān)CFAR
6.6 System-Level Control of False Alarms 虛警率的系統(tǒng)級控制
6.7 Summary 總結(jié)
References 參考文獻(xiàn)
Problems 習(xí)題
CHAPTER 7 Measurements and Introduction to Tracking 測量與跟蹤
7.1 Estimators 估計(jì)量
7.1.1 Estimator Properties 估計(jì)量的性質(zhì)
7.1.2 The Cramèr-Rao Lower Bound 克拉美羅下界
7.1.3 The CRLB and Signal-to-Noise Ratio CRLB和信噪比
7.1.4 Maximum Likelihood Estimators 最大似然估計(jì)量
7.2 Range, Doppler, and Angle Estimators 距離、多普勒與角度估計(jì)量
7.2.1 Range Estimators 距離估計(jì)量
7.2.2 Doppler Signal Estimators 多普勒信號估計(jì)
7.2.3 Angle Estimators 角度估計(jì)量
7.3 Introduction to Tracking 跟蹤導(dǎo)論
7.3.1 Optimal Combination of?Two Noisy Measurements 兩個(gè)含噪測量的最優(yōu)組合
7.3.2 Sequential Least Squares Estimation 序貫最小二乘估計(jì)
7.3.3 The α-β Filter α-β濾波器
7.3.4 The Kalman Filter 卡爾曼濾波器
7.3.5 The Tracking Cycle 跟蹤周期
7.4 Summary 總結(jié)
References 參考文獻(xiàn)
Problems 習(xí)題
CHAPTER 8 Introduction to Synthetic Aperture Imaging 合成孔徑成像技術(shù)
8.1 Fundamental SAR Concepts and Relations 合成孔徑雷達(dá)概念與關(guān)系基礎(chǔ)
8.1.1 Cross-Range Resolution in Radar 雷達(dá)橫向分辨率
8.1.2 The Synthetic Aperture Viewpoint 合成孔徑的視角
8.1.3 Doppler Viewpoint 多普勒的視角
8.1.4 SAR Coverage and Sampling SAR的場景覆蓋和采樣
8.2 Stripmap SAR Data Characteristics 條帶式SAR的數(shù)據(jù)特性
8.2.1 Stripmap SAR Geometry 條帶式SAR的成像幾何
8.2.2 Stripmap SAR Data Set 條帶式SAR的回波數(shù)據(jù)特性
8.3 Stripmap SAR Image Formation Algorithms 條帶式SAR的成像算法
8.3.1 Doppler Beam Sharpening 多普勒波束銳化
8.3.2 Quadratic Phase Error Effects 二次相位誤差的影響
8.3.3 Range-Doppler Algorithms 距離–多普勒算法
8.3.4 Depth of Focus 聚焦深度
8.3.5 Range Migration Algorithm 距離徙動算法
8.4 Spotlight SAR Data Characteristics 聚束式SAR的數(shù)據(jù)特性
8.5 The Polar Format Image Formation Algorithm for Spotlight SAR 聚束式SAR的極坐標(biāo)格式成像算法
8.6 Backprojection 后向投影成像算法
8.7 Interferometric SAR 干涉SAR技術(shù)
8.7.1 The Effect of Height on a SAR Image 地面高程在SAR圖像中的表現(xiàn)
8.7.2 IFSAR Processing Steps IFSAR處理步驟
8.8 Other Considerations 其他考慮
8.8.1 Motion Compensation SAR運(yùn)動補(bǔ)償
8.8.2 Autofocus 自聚焦
8.8.3 Speckle Reduction 相干斑抑制
8.8.4 Moving Targets 動目標(biāo)
8.9 Summary 總結(jié)
References 參考文獻(xiàn)
Problems 習(xí)題
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Array Processing 陣列信號處理
9.1 Virtual Arrays 等效陣列
9.2 Beamforming and Beam Steering 波束形成和波束掃描
9.2.1 Time Delay Steering 時(shí)延波束掃描
9.2.2 Phase Steering 相控波束掃描
9.2.3 Narrowband Phase Beamforming 窄帶相控波束形成
9.2.4 Adaptive Beamforming 自適應(yīng)波束形成
9.2.5 Adaptive Beamforming with Preprocessing 預(yù)處理后的自適應(yīng)波束形成
9.3 Space-Time Signal Environment 空–時(shí)信號環(huán)境
9.4 Space-Time Signal Modeling 空–時(shí)信號建模
9.5 Processing the Space-Time Signal 空–時(shí)信號處理
9.5.1 Optimum Matched Filtering 最優(yōu)匹配濾波
9.5.2 STAP Metrics STAP性能測度
9.5.3 Relation to Displaced Phase Center Antenna Processing STAP與相位中心偏移天線處理之間的關(guān)系
9.5.4 Adaptive Matched Filtering 自適應(yīng)匹配濾波
9.6 Reduced-Dimension STAP 降維STAP
9.7 Advanced STAP Algorithms and Analysis 高級STAP算法和分析
9.8 Limitations to STAP STAP限制
9.9 Summary 總結(jié)
References 參考文獻(xiàn)
Problems 習(xí)題
APPENDIX A Selected Topics in Probability and Random Processes
APPENDIX B Selected Topics in Digital Signal Processing