人類與化工的關(guān)系十分密切，在現(xiàn)代生活中，幾乎隨時隨地都離不開化工產(chǎn)品，從衣、食、住、行等物質(zhì)生活到文化藝術(shù)、娛樂等精神生活，都需要化工產(chǎn)品為之服務(wù)。化工生產(chǎn)是
國民經(jīng)濟中不可或缺的重要組成部分，是我國國民經(jīng)濟的基礎(chǔ)和支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。同時，化工生產(chǎn)中涉及危險化學(xué)品、易燃易爆品多，危險性大，發(fā)生火災(zāi)、爆炸事故概率高�；て髽I(yè)一旦發(fā)生起火爆炸事故，極易引發(fā)重大財產(chǎn)損失和人員傷亡，還會引發(fā)巨大的環(huán)境污染�；て髽I(yè)的安全生產(chǎn)，不僅關(guān)系到企業(yè)的生存發(fā)展，還關(guān)系到社會的穩(wěn)定和國家形象。
雷擊是我國頻發(fā)的自然災(zāi)害，雷擊時產(chǎn)生強大的脈沖電流、炙熱的高溫、猛烈的沖擊波以及強烈的電磁輻射等物理效應(yīng)可在瞬間產(chǎn)生巨大的破壞作用。聯(lián)合國十年減災(zāi)委員會將其列為
“最嚴重的十種自然災(zāi)害之一”，國際電工委員會把雷電列為“電子時代的一大公害”。我國每年因雷擊造成人員傷亡近千人，雷擊所導(dǎo)致的火災(zāi)、爆炸等事故時有發(fā)生，特別是在化工企業(yè)，雷擊極易引發(fā)起火爆炸事故。雷擊已成為化工行業(yè)起火爆炸的主要原因之一。
黨和政府高度重視安全生產(chǎn)工作，習(xí)近平總書記在2015年5 月29 日十八屆中共中央政治局第二十三次集體學(xué)習(xí)時的講話指出：“確保安全生產(chǎn)應(yīng)該作為發(fā)展的一條紅線。我說過，發(fā)展不能以犧牲人的生命為代價。這個觀念，必須在全社會牢固樹立起來。要深刻認識安全生產(chǎn)工作的艱巨性、復(fù)雜性、緊迫性，堅持以人為本、生命至上，全面抓好安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制和管理、防范、監(jiān)督、檢查、獎懲措施的落實。要細化落實各級黨委和政府的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)責(zé)任、相關(guān)部門的監(jiān)管責(zé)任、企業(yè)的主體責(zé)任�！�
習(xí)近平總書記對江蘇響水天嘉宜化工有限公司“3·21”爆炸事故做出了重要指示：“近期一些地方接連發(fā)生重大安全事故，各地和有關(guān)部門要深刻吸取教訓(xùn)，加強安全隱患排查，嚴格落實安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制，堅決防范重特大事故發(fā)生，確保人民群眾生命和財產(chǎn)安全�！�
為了幫助化工企業(yè)進一步加強防雷安全生產(chǎn)工作，認真履行防雷安全主體責(zé)任，落實各項防范措施，以避免或減少因雷擊造成的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟財產(chǎn)損失，江蘇省防雷減災(zāi)協(xié)會和河
北省防雷減災(zāi)協(xié)會組織編寫了《化工企業(yè)防雷安全指導(dǎo)手冊》。
本手冊在指導(dǎo)化工企業(yè)建立和完善雷電災(zāi)害防御體系、落實企業(yè)防雷安全主體責(zé)任的相關(guān)要求、構(gòu)建和完善化工企業(yè)防雷安全管理組織機構(gòu)、明確各部門相關(guān)職責(zé)、依法提供保障防雷安全生產(chǎn)的必備條件和加強管理的措施、細化化工企業(yè)防雷管理以及雷電災(zāi)害應(yīng)急預(yù)案等方面內(nèi)容進行了詳細的敘述，以防止各類事故的發(fā)生。
由于編寫時間倉促，加之編者的水平有限，疏漏在所難免，熱忱歡迎專家和讀者批評指正。本手冊編寫過程中得到了江蘇托爾防雷檢測有限公司和南京凱普勒電子科技有限公司等的大力支持，楊慶寧、張銀城、涂永高、鄒天晴、崔浩、游志遠等同志多次參與了本手冊編制討論，提供了相關(guān)參考資料，同時江蘇省氣象災(zāi)害防御技術(shù)中心馮民學(xué)總工程師和南京信息工程大學(xué)肖穩(wěn)安教授也提出了許多寶貴意見，在此一并表示衷心的感謝！
目 錄
第1 章 政策法規(guī)·················································· 1
1.1 防雷相關(guān)法律················································ 1
1.1.1 《中華人民共和國氣象法》相關(guān)條款············· 2
1.1.2 《中華人民共和國安全生產(chǎn)法》相關(guān)條款······· 2
1.2 防雷相關(guān)法規(guī)··············································· 10
1.2.1 《氣象災(zāi)害防御條例》相關(guān)條款·················· 11
1.2.2 《危險化學(xué)品安全管理條例》相關(guān)條款········· 12
1.3 防雷相關(guān)規(guī)章··············································· 12
1.3.1 《防雷減災(zāi)管理辦法（修訂）》（中國氣象局第24 號令）
相關(guān)條款················································ 13
1.3.2 《雷電防護裝置檢測資質(zhì)管理辦法》
（中國氣象局第31 號令）相關(guān)條款·············· 15
1.3.3 《生產(chǎn)安全事故應(yīng)急條例》（中華人民共和國
國務(wù)院第708 號令）相關(guān)條款·················· 15
1.3.4 《生產(chǎn)安全事故應(yīng)急預(yù)案管理辦法》（中華人民共和國
應(yīng)急管理部第2 號令）相關(guān)條款··············· 16
1.3.5 其他相關(guān)規(guī)章·········································· 17
1.4 防雷相關(guān)管理文件········································· 17
1.4.1 《中共中央 國務(wù)院關(guān)于推進安全生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域
改革發(fā)展的意見》相關(guān)條款····················· 17
1.4.2 《國務(wù)院關(guān)于優(yōu)化建設(shè)工程防雷許可的決定》
（國發(fā)〔2016〕39 號）相關(guān)條款·················· 19
1.4.3 其他相關(guān)管理文件···································· 19
1.5 技術(shù)規(guī)范····················································· 20
1.5.1 國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)··············································· 20
1.5.2 行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)··············································· 21
第2 章 化工企業(yè)防雷安全責(zé)任體系······················ 22
2.1 化工企業(yè)防雷安全法定職責(zé)······························ 23
2.2 防雷安全管理機構(gòu)········································· 29
2.3 防雷安全生產(chǎn)管理制度···································· 31
2.3.1 防雷安全生產(chǎn)目標(biāo)責(zé)任制度························ 31
2.3.2 年度防雷工作計劃制度······························ 31
2.3.3 防雷安全管理資金投入責(zé)任制度·················· 32
2.3.4 防雷安全例會制度···································· 33
2.3.5 新建項目防雷裝置審核驗收制度·················· 34
2.3.6 防護裝置檢測維護制度······························ 35
2.3.7 防雷安全培訓(xùn)教育制度······························ 36
2.3.8 雷電災(zāi)害應(yīng)急響應(yīng)制度······························ 37
2.3.9 雷電災(zāi)害防御檔案管理制度························ 38
2.4 防雷安全制度管控········································· 39
第3 章 化工企業(yè)防雷裝置安全管理······················ 41
3.1 新建項目防雷裝置設(shè)計審核及竣工驗收··············· 42
3.2 化工企業(yè)防雷裝置現(xiàn)狀···································· 45
3.3 化工企業(yè)防雷裝置定期檢測······························ 51
3.3.1 定期檢測周期·········································· 52
3.3.2 檢測機構(gòu)要求·········································· 52
3.3.3 檢測報告··············································· 53
3.4 防雷裝置日常檢查········································· 54
3.4.1 日常檢查項目·········································· 54
3.4.2 日常檢查要求·········································· 58
第4 章 化工企業(yè)應(yīng)急管理··································· 59
4.1 雷電災(zāi)害應(yīng)急預(yù)案········································· 59
4.2 雷電災(zāi)害應(yīng)急處置········································· 70
4.2.1 現(xiàn)場應(yīng)急處置工作職責(zé)······························ 70
4.2.2 應(yīng)急處置流程·········································· 71
4.3 雷電災(zāi)害應(yīng)急演練········································· 73
第5 章 防雷安全培訓(xùn)·········································· 78
第6 章 檔案管理及制度匯編································ 81
6.1 制定原則····················································· 81
6.2 雷電災(zāi)害防御檔案內(nèi)容···································· 82
6.3 檔案管理體制和職責(zé)······································ 83
6.4 文件材料的形成與歸檔···································· 84
6.5 附則··························································· 85
第7 章 化工企業(yè)雷電災(zāi)害案例····························· 87
第8 章 雷電基礎(chǔ)知識及防護措施·························· 92
8.1 雷電的形成和放電過程···································· 92
8.2 雷電類型····················································· 93
8.3 雷電效應(yīng)及危害形式······································ 93
8.4 防護措施····················································· 94
8.5 預(yù)警信息····················································· 97
8.5.1 雷電黃色預(yù)警信號···································· 97
8.5.2 雷電橙色預(yù)警信號···································· 98
8.5.3 雷電紅色預(yù)警信號···································· 98
8.6 雷電預(yù)警獲取方式········································· 99
參考文獻·····················································100
附錄A 防雷裝置設(shè)計審核申請書························ 102
附錄B 防雷裝置竣工驗收申請書························ 105
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