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交互設(shè)計(jì):超越人機(jī)交互(原書第5版)
本書由交互設(shè)計(jì)界的三位學(xué)者聯(lián)袂撰寫,是該領(lǐng)域的經(jīng)典著作,被全球各地的大學(xué)選作教材。新版本繼承了本書一貫的跨學(xué)科特色,并與時(shí)俱進(jìn)地新增一章討論數(shù)據(jù)分析,同時(shí)補(bǔ)充了新的發(fā)展成果。書中包含大量實(shí)例,涉及敏捷用戶體驗(yàn)、社會(huì)媒體與情感交互、混合現(xiàn)實(shí)與腦機(jī)界面等。全書緊緊圍繞設(shè)計(jì)與評(píng)估的迭代過程,不僅包含了傳統(tǒng)的理論知識(shí)、實(shí)例解析、實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)等內(nèi)容,還通過“窘境”模塊討論了一系列啟迪思考的開放問題。此外,本書網(wǎng)站www.id-book.com也為讀者提供了豐富的資源,包括教學(xué)PPT以及大量的案例研究。
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本書贊譽(yù) 譯者序 前言 作者簡(jiǎn)介 第1章 什么是交互設(shè)計(jì) ·······························1 1.1 引言 ·································1 1.2 優(yōu)劣設(shè)計(jì) ······································2 1.2.1 語音郵件系統(tǒng) ······························2 1.2.2 遙控設(shè)備 ·······································3 1.2.3 設(shè)計(jì)什么 ·······································5 1.3 何謂交互設(shè)計(jì) ············································6 1.3.1 交互設(shè)計(jì)的組成 ··························7 1.3.2 參與交互設(shè)計(jì)的人員 ·················8 1.3.3 交互設(shè)計(jì)顧問 ······························9 1.4 用戶體驗(yàn) ·········································9 1.5 了解用戶 ···········································11 1.6 無障礙設(shè)計(jì)和包容性設(shè)計(jì) ····················12 1.7 可用性和用戶體驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo) ························13 1.7.1 可用性目標(biāo) ·································13 1.7.2 用戶體驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo) ····························16 1.7.3 設(shè)計(jì)原則 ·····································18 深入練習(xí) ································22 總結(jié) ·········································22 拓展閱讀 ································23 第2章 交互設(shè)計(jì)的過程 ·····························26 2.1 引言 ·····································26 2.2 交互設(shè)計(jì)中涉及什么·····························27 2.2.1 理解問題空間 ····························29 2.2.2 用戶參與的重要性····················30 2.2.3 用戶參與的程度 ························32 2.2.4 什么是以用戶為中心的方法 ·····33 2.2.5 交互設(shè)計(jì)的四項(xiàng)基本活動(dòng) ······35 2.2.6 交互設(shè)計(jì)的簡(jiǎn)單生命周期模型 ····························36 2.3 一些實(shí)際問題··········································39 2.3.1 用戶是誰 ·····································39 2.3.2 用戶的需求是什么····················40 2.3.3 如何生成備選設(shè)計(jì)方案 ···········41 2.3.4 如何在備選方案間進(jìn)行選擇 ·····42 2.3.5 如何將交互設(shè)計(jì)活動(dòng)整合到其他生命周期模型中 ···············45 深入練習(xí) ································46 總結(jié) ·········································46 拓展閱讀 ································46 第 3章 概念化交互 ·······································48 3.1 引言 ·······························48 3.2 概念化交互 ··············································49 3.3 概念模型 ···················································51 3.4 界面隱喻 ···················································54 3.5 交互類型 ···················································56 3.5.1 指示 ··············································57 3.5.2 對(duì)話 ··············································58 3.5.3 操作 ··············································59 3.5.4 探索 ··············································60 3.5.5 響應(yīng) ··············································61 3.6 范例、愿景、理論、模型和框架 ······62 3.6.1 范例 ··············································62 3.6.2 愿景 ··············································63 3.6.3 理論 ··············································64 3.6.4 模型 ··············································64 3.6.5 框架 ··············································64 深入練習(xí) ································66 總結(jié) ·········································66 拓展閱讀 ································67 第 4章 認(rèn)知方面 ············································70 4.1 引言 ·······························70 4.2 什么是認(rèn)知 ··············································70 4.2.1 注意力 ··········································71 4.2.2 感知 ··············································75 4.2.3 記憶 ··············································77 4.2.4 學(xué)習(xí) ··············································82 4.2.5 閱讀、說話和聆聽····················83 4.2.6 解決問題、規(guī)劃、推理和決策 ·······························84 4.3 認(rèn)知框架 ··············································85 4.3.1 心智模型 ·····································85 4.3.2 執(zhí)行鴻溝和評(píng)估鴻溝 ···············87 4.3.3 信息處理 ·····································88 4.3.4 分布式認(rèn)知 ·································88 4.3.5 外部認(rèn)知 ·····································90 4.3.6 具身交互 ·····································91 深入練習(xí) ································92 總結(jié) ·········································93 拓展閱讀 ································93 第5章 社會(huì)化交互 ·······································94 5.1 引言 ·······························94 5.2 社交 ·······························94 5.3 面對(duì)面對(duì)話 ··············································97 5.4 遠(yuǎn)程對(duì)話 ·················································100 5.5 共現(xiàn) ·········································105 5.5.1 物理協(xié)調(diào) ···································105 5.5.2 感知 ············································106 5.5.3 共享界面 ···································107 5.6 社會(huì)參與 ·················································111 深入練習(xí) ······························113 總結(jié) ·······································114 拓展閱讀 ······························114 第6章 情感化交互 ·····································116 6.1 引言 ··········································116 6.2 情緒和用戶體驗(yàn) ···································116 6.3 富有表現(xiàn)力的界面和情感化設(shè)計(jì) ····120 6.4 令人厭煩的界面 ···································122 6.5 情感計(jì)算與情感人工智能 ··················125 6.6 說服技術(shù)與行為改變···························127 6.7 擬人論 ················································130 深入練習(xí) ······························132 總結(jié) ·······································133 拓展閱讀 ······························133 第7章 界面 ····················································135 7.1 引言 ···········································135 7.2 界面類型 ············································135 7.2.1 命令行界面 ·······························136 7.2.2 圖形用戶界面 ··························137 7.2.3 多媒體 ········································146 7.2.4 虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí) ···································148 7.2.5 網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì) ···································151 7.2.6 移動(dòng)設(shè)備 ···································153 7.2.7 家用電器 ···································155 7.2.8 語音用戶界面 ··························156 7.2.9 基于筆的設(shè)備 ··························159 7.2.10 觸摸屏······································160 7.2.11 基于手勢(shì)的系統(tǒng) ····················161 7.2.12 觸覺界面 ·································162 7.2.13 多模式界面 ·····························164 7.2.14 可共享界面 ·····························165 7.2.15 實(shí)體界面 ·································167 7.2.16 增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí) ·································169 7.2.17 可穿戴設(shè)備 ·····························172 7.2.18 機(jī)器人和無人機(jī) ····················173 7.2.19 腦機(jī)交互 ·································175 7.2.20 智能界面 ·································176 7.3 自然用戶界面及其延伸 ······················177 7.4 選擇哪種界面 ········································178 深入練習(xí) ······························179 總結(jié) ·······································179 拓展閱讀 ······························179 第8章 數(shù)據(jù)收集 ··········································182 8.1 引言 ·············································182 8.2 五個(gè)關(guān)鍵問題 ········································182 8.2.1 目標(biāo)設(shè)置 ···································183 8.2.2 確定被試 ···································183 8.2.3 與被試之間的關(guān)系··················184 8.2.4 三角測(cè)量 ···································185 8.2.5 試點(diǎn)研究 ···································186 8.3 數(shù)據(jù)記錄 ·················································186 8.3.1 筆記加照片 ·······························186 8.3.2 音頻加照片 ·······························187 8.3.3 視頻 ············································187 8.4 訪談 ··············································188 8.4.1 非結(jié)構(gòu)化訪談 ··························188 8.4.2 結(jié)構(gòu)化訪談 ·······························189 8.4.3 半結(jié)構(gòu)化訪談 ··························189 8.4.4 焦點(diǎn)小組 ···································190 8.4.5 計(jì)劃和引導(dǎo)訪談 ······················191 8.4.6 其他形式的訪談 ······················194 8.4.7 豐富訪談體驗(yàn) ··························195 8.5 問卷調(diào)查 ·················································195 8.5.1 問卷結(jié)構(gòu) ···································196 8.5.2 問題和回答的格式··················196 8.5.3 管理問卷 ···································199 8.6 觀察 ············································202 8.6.1 實(shí)地直接觀察 ··························203 8.6.2 受控環(huán)境中的直接觀察 ·········208 8.6.3 間接觀察:跟蹤用戶活動(dòng) ····210 8.7 技術(shù)的選擇與結(jié)合 ·······························212 深入練習(xí) ······························214 總結(jié) ·······································214 拓展閱讀 ······························215 第9章 數(shù)據(jù)分析、解釋和呈現(xiàn) ·············216 9.1 引言 ············································216 9.2 定量與定性 ············································217 9.3 基礎(chǔ)定量分析 ········································219 9.4 基礎(chǔ)定性分析 ········································225 9.4.1 確定主題 ···································227 9.4.2 數(shù)據(jù)分類 ···································228 9.4.3 關(guān)鍵事件分析 ··························230 9.5 使用何種分析框架 ·······························231 9.5.1 對(duì)話分析 ···································232 9.5.2 話語分析 ···································233 9.5.3 內(nèi)容分析 ···································234 9.5.4 交互分析 ···································234 9.5.5 扎根理論 ···································235 9.5.6 基于系統(tǒng)的框架 ······················239 9.6 支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)分析的工具···························241 9.7 解釋和呈現(xiàn)研究結(jié)果···························241 9.7.1 結(jié)構(gòu)化符號(hào) ·······························243 9.7.2 故事的運(yùn)用 ·······························243 9.7.3 總結(jié)研究結(jié)果 ··························244 深入練習(xí) ······························244 總結(jié) ·······································245 拓展閱讀 ······························245 第10章 大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù) ···································247 10.1 引言 ············································247 10.2 收集和分析數(shù)據(jù)的方法 ····················248 10.2.1 數(shù)據(jù)抓取和“第二來源” 數(shù)據(jù) ··········································249 10.2.2 收集個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù) ························250 10.2.3 數(shù)據(jù)眾包 ·································250 10.2.4 情感分析 ·································254 10.2.5 社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析 ························254 10.2.6 組合多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源 ····················258 10.3 數(shù)據(jù)可視化和數(shù)據(jù)挖掘 ····················260 10.4 倫理設(shè)計(jì)問題 ······································267 深入練習(xí) ······························272 總結(jié) ·······································272 拓展閱讀 ······························273 第11章 發(fā)現(xiàn)需求 ········································274 11.1 引言 ···············································274 11.2 是什么、如何做和為什么 ················274 11.2.1 需求活動(dòng)的目的 ····················274 11.2.2 捕獲需求 ·································275 11.2.3 避免誤解 ·································275 11.3 需求是什么 ··········································276 11.4 為需求收集數(shù)據(jù) ·································281 11.4.1 使用探針與用戶互動(dòng) ···········284 11.4.2 情境調(diào)查 ·································285 11.4.3 創(chuàng)新的頭腦風(fēng)暴 ····················287 11.5 為生活帶來需求:角色和場(chǎng)景 ·······287 11.5.1 角色 ··········································288 11.5.2 場(chǎng)景 ··········································292 11.6 捕獲與用例的交互 ·····························296 深入練習(xí) ······························297 總結(jié) ·······································298 拓展閱讀 ······························298 第12章 設(shè)計(jì)、原型和構(gòu)建 ····················302 12.1 引言 ············································302 12.2 原型 ············································302 12.2.1 什么是原型 ·····························302 12.2.2 為什么使用原型 ····················304 12.2.3 低保真原型 ·····························305 12.2.4 高保真原型 ·····························307 12.2.5 原型中的妥協(xié) ························308 12.3 概念設(shè)計(jì)···············································311 12.3.1 建立初始概念模型 ···············315 12.3.2 擴(kuò)展初始概念模型 ···············318 12.4 具體設(shè)計(jì)···············································319 12.5 生成原型···············································320 12.5.1 生成故事板 ·····························320 12.5.2 生成基于卡片的原型 ···········322 12.6 構(gòu)建 ·············································328 12.6.1 物理計(jì)算 ·································328 12.6.2 軟件開發(fā)工具包 ····················331 深入練習(xí) ······························332 總結(jié) ·······································332 拓展閱讀 ······························333 第13章 實(shí)踐中的交互設(shè)計(jì) ····················336 13.1 引言 ···············································336 13.2 敏捷用戶體驗(yàn) ······································337 13.2.1 用戶研究 ·································339 13.2.2 調(diào)整工作實(shí)踐 ························340 13.2.3 文檔 ··········································343 13.3 設(shè)計(jì)模式···············································345 13.4 開源資源···············································348 13.5 交互設(shè)計(jì)工具 ······································350 深入練習(xí) ······························351 總結(jié) ·······································351 拓展閱讀 ······························352 第14章 評(píng)估入門 ·······································353 14.1 引言 ···········································353 14.2 評(píng)估的原因、內(nèi)容、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間 ·····354 14.2.1 評(píng)估的原因 ·····························354 14.2.2 評(píng)估的內(nèi)容 ·····························354 14.2.3 評(píng)估的地點(diǎn) ·····························355 14.2.4 評(píng)估的時(shí)間 ·····························356 14.3 評(píng)估的類型 ··········································356 14.3.1 涉及用戶的受控環(huán)境 ···········357 14.3.2 涉及用戶的自然環(huán)境 ···········359 14.3.3 不涉及用戶的環(huán)境 ···············360 14.3.4 選擇和組合方法 ····················361 14.3.5 機(jī)會(huì)主義評(píng)估 ························361 14.4 評(píng)估案例研究 ······································361 14.4.1 案例研究1:一個(gè)研究電腦游戲的實(shí)驗(yàn) ·····························361 14.4.2 案例研究2:在英國皇家農(nóng)業(yè)展覽會(huì)上收集民族志數(shù)據(jù) ····363 14.5 從案例中學(xué)到了什么 ························366 14.6 評(píng)估時(shí)需要考慮的其他問題 ···········367 14.6.1 告知被試其權(quán)利并獲得其同意 ···································368 14.6.2 影響方法選擇和數(shù)據(jù)解釋的因素 ··································369 深入練習(xí) ······························370 總結(jié) ·······································370 拓展閱讀 ······························371 第15章 評(píng)估研究:從受控環(huán)境到自然環(huán)境 ·······························372 15.1 引言 ···············································372 15.2 可用性測(cè)試 ··········································373 15.2.1 方法、任務(wù)和用戶 ···············373 15.2.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)室和設(shè)備 ························374 15.2.3 案例研究:iPad的可用性測(cè)試 ····································376 15.3 完成實(shí)驗(yàn)···············································379 15.3.1 假設(shè)檢驗(yàn) ·································379 15.3.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì) ·································380 15.3.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法:t檢驗(yàn) ·················381 15.4 實(shí)地研究···············································382 15.4.1 野外研究 ·································383 15.4.2 其他觀點(diǎn) ·································385 深入練習(xí) ······························386 總結(jié) ·······································387 拓展閱讀 ······························387 第16章 評(píng)估:檢查、分析和建模 ·····391 16.1 引言 ··············································391 16.2 檢查:?jiǎn)l(fā)式評(píng)估和走查法 ···········391 16.2.1 啟發(fā)式評(píng)估 ·····························391 16.2.2 走查法······································400 16.3 分析和A/B測(cè)試 ································404 16.3.1 Web分析 ·································404 16.3.2 A/B測(cè)試 ·································408 16.4 預(yù)測(cè)模型···············································410 深入練習(xí) ······························411 總結(jié) ·······································411 拓展閱讀 ······························412 參考文獻(xiàn) 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