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物聯網應用技術概論
本書參考物聯網應用技術人才培養(yǎng)方案,針對物聯網應用技術專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)所需要的技術(職業(yè))領域所總結的典型工作任務來組織全書的內容體系。根據要完成每個典型工作任務的工作過程中所需的知識或技能來設計每個章節(jié)的內容。本書內容涵蓋了物聯網的特征及體系結構、物聯網底層感知技術、通信技術、嵌入式開發(fā)技術、云計算及大數據處理技術、物聯網安全技術等,zui后對當前zui新的典型物聯網應用進行了分析。全書圍繞物聯網體系結構的“感知、傳輸、處理、應用”四個層次,結合當前物聯網的典型應用展開教學與實踐,通過以認知物聯網典型的應用系統(tǒng)為背景,逐層引入該系統(tǒng)中的物聯網的底層感知設備、傳輸網絡、中間數據處理環(huán)節(jié)以及上層應用系統(tǒng)中所涉及的物聯網相關的理論知識。本書將zui新的企業(yè)應用案例進行了教學化設計,知識適度、技能點突出、案例豐富,并輔助以二維碼等方式來拓展學生學習的知識面。本書還配有課后習題。本書適合作為高等職業(yè)院校物聯網專業(yè)或相近專業(yè)的教材,也可作為物聯網技術研究與產品開發(fā)人員的參考書。
(1)本書內容涵蓋了物聯網的特征及體系結構、物聯網底層感知技術、通信技術、嵌入式開發(fā)技術、云計算及大數據處理技術、物聯網安全技術等,zui后對當前較新的典型物聯網應用進行了分析。(2)本書將較新的企業(yè)應用案例進行了教學化設計,知識適度、技能點突出、案例豐富,并輔助以二維碼等方式來拓展學生學習的知識面。
從1991年美國麻省理工學院(MIT)的Kevin Ashton教授首次提出物聯網的概念以來,物聯網技術在計算機、通信、云計算以及人工智能等技術飛速發(fā)展的背景下,不斷地融入這些新的技術。高智能的感知終端、萬物全連接的通信、海量數據的存儲都是物聯網進一步發(fā)展的趨勢,人類也將進入萬物互聯Internet of Everything(IoE)的新時代。本書參考物聯網應用技術人才培養(yǎng)的方案,針對物聯網應用技術專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)所需要的技術(職業(yè))領域所總結的典型工作任務來組織全書的內容體系。根據要完成每個典型工作任務的工作過程中所需的知識或技能來設計每個章節(jié)的內容。每章的zui后都安排了相關物聯網關鍵技術的認知實踐,來加深學習者對該章相關物聯網技術知識的理解,同時輔助以習題練習加以強化。參考學時為48學時。本書共分為8章,分別是第1章緒論、第2章物聯網初識、第3章物聯網感知技術、第4章物聯網通信技術、第5章嵌入式系統(tǒng)技術、第6章物聯網數據處理技術、第7章物聯網安全技術、第8章物聯網應用。本書由蘇州市職業(yè)大學譚方勇、中國電信蘇州分公司臧燕翔擔任主編,蘇州市職業(yè)大學關輝擔任副主編,蘇州市職業(yè)大學李璐、劉剛、沈萍萍和中國電信蘇州分公司葛周敏參與編寫。本書由主編確定編寫思路并制定了本書的內容體系和編寫大綱,zui后由譚方勇負責統(tǒng)稿和校對。本書第一主編長期從事物聯網及網絡技術的教學,并主筆編寫了全國物聯網應用技術專業(yè)及課程規(guī)范2.0,具有豐富的專業(yè)建設和教學經驗。本書編寫團隊其他成員關輝、沈萍萍、李璐、劉剛也都長期從事物聯網相關技術的課程教學,積累了大量的經驗和教學素材,為本書的完成奠定了堅實的基礎,另外,在編寫過程中還得到了中國電信蘇州分公司物聯網中心的技術總監(jiān)葛周敏的建議和幫助,并提供了相關的案例素材,也得到了北京京勝世紀科技有限公司的王喜勝總經理的幫助,提供了物聯網虛擬仿真實訓平臺及相關資料,這為本書的順利完稿提供了很大的幫助,在此一并表示感謝。本書可以作為高等職業(yè)院校相關專業(yè)的教材和參考書,也適合物聯網系統(tǒng)相關的運維管理員、物聯網工程技術人員以及廣大物聯網技術愛好者閱讀和參考。由于編者的技術水平有限,書中難免存在不妥之處,敬請各位讀者批評指正。編 者2018 年10 月
譚方勇,蘇州市職業(yè)大學教師;臧燕翔,現工作于中國電信蘇州分公司。
第1章 概 論......................................................................................11.1 物聯網應用技術專業(yè)理論知識體系概述................................... 11.1.1 概述...............................................................................11.1.2 物聯網應用技術專業(yè)職業(yè)技術領域分析..............................21.2 對典型工作任務的支持.........................................................51.2.1 物聯網技術專業(yè)典型工作任務概述....................................51.2.2 典型工作任務案例分析.....................................................61.3 其他要闡述和說明的問題.....................................................101.3.1 本教材內容體系架構及教學資源設計...............................101.3.2 章節(jié)教學案例設計.........................................................11第2章 物聯網初識................................................................................122.1 物聯網的概念.....................................................................132.1.1 無線傳感網(Wireless Sensor Networks).......................132.1.2 物聯網(The Internet of Things)....................................132.1.3 互聯網 (Internet)..........................................................142.1.4 泛在網(Ubiquitous Networking)...................................142.1.5 幾個概念的比較............................................................152.2 物聯網發(fā)展及展望..............................................................152.2.1 物聯網發(fā)展史................................................................152.2.2 物聯網發(fā)展現狀............................................................162.2.3 物聯網應用及未來.........................................................162.3 物聯網特征........................................................................192.3.1 全面感知......................................................................192.3.2 可靠傳遞......................................................................202.3.3 智能處理......................................................................202.4 物聯網體系架構..................................................................202.4.1 感知層..........................................................................212.4.2 網絡層..........................................................................222.4.3 應用層..........................................................................222.5 物聯網標準化.....................................................................222.5.1 物聯網標準化的特點......................................................232.5.2 物聯網標準化組織及其工作............................................242.6 物聯網認知實踐..................................................................262.6.1 實踐目的......................................................................262.6.2 實踐的參考地點及形式...................................................262.6.3 實踐內容......................................................................262.6.4 實踐總結......................................................................26習題.........................................................................................27第3章 物聯網感知技術.........................................................................283.1 條形碼技術........................................................................293.1.1 條形碼的發(fā)展歷史.........................................................293.1.2 條形碼的概念................................................................303.1.3 條碼的分類...................................................................303.1.4 一維條碼......................................................................303.1.5 二維條碼......................................................................313.1.6 二維條碼與一維條碼的比較............................................323.2 RFID系統(tǒng)..........................................................................323.2.1 RFID系統(tǒng)的組成...........................................................323.2.2 RFID系統(tǒng)的工作原理....................................................333.2.3 RFID系統(tǒng)的分類...........................................................333.2.4 RFID系統(tǒng)的應用...........................................................343.3 傳感器技術........................................................................353.3.1 傳感器的概念................................................................353.3.2 傳感器的組成................................................................353.3.3 傳感器的分類................................................................363.3.4 常用傳感器...................................................................383.4 無線傳感器網絡..................................................................413.4.1 無線傳感器網絡的發(fā)展...................................................413.4.2 無線傳感器網絡的結構...................................................413.4.3 無線傳感器網絡的特點...................................................433.4.4 無線傳感器網絡的應用...................................................443.5 生物識別技術.....................................................................473.5.1 指紋技術......................................................................473.5.2 人臉識別技術................................................................483.5.3 視網膜識別技術............................................................493.5.4 虹膜識別技術................................................................493.5.5 語音識別技術................................................................503.6 物聯網定位技術..................................................................523.6.1 定位技術概述................................................................523.6.2 衛(wèi)星定位技術................................................................523.6.3 移動蜂窩定位技術.........................................................523.6.4 無線室內定位技術.........................................................533.7 感知技術認知實踐..............................................................553.7.1 實踐目的......................................................................553.7.2 實踐的參考地點及形式...................................................553.7.3 實踐內容......................................................................553.7.4 實踐總結......................................................................55習題.........................................................................................55第4章 物聯網通信技術.........................................................................584.1 互聯網通信技術..................................................................594.1.1 局域網技術...................................................................604.1.2 廣域網技術...................................................................604.1.3 接入網技術...................................................................614.2 移動通信技術.....................................................................614.2.1 GSM移動通信技術........................................................624.2.2 GPRS移動通信技術......................................................634.2.3 CDMA移動通信技術.....................................................644.2.4 3G移動通信技術...........................................................644.2.5 4G移動通信技術...........................................................644.2.6 5G移動通信技術...........................................................654.3 短距離無線通信技術...........................................................664.3.1 藍牙技術......................................................................664.3.2 ZigBee技術..................................................................674.3.3 UWB技術.....................................................................684.3.4 NFC技術.....................................................................684.3.5 Z-WAVE技術................................................................694.3.6 IrDA 技術......................................................................694.3.7 HomeRF技術...............................................................694.3.8 Wi-Fi技術....................................................................704.4 LPWAN低功耗無線廣域網技術............................................734.4.1 Sigfox技術...................................................................744.4.2 LoRA技術....................................................................744.4.3 NB-IoT技術..................................................................754.4.4 LTE eMTC技術.............................................................774.4.5 幾種LPWAN網絡技術的比較.........................................784.5 串口通信技術.....................................................................794.5.1 串口通信技術概述.........................................................794.5.2 相關術語......................................................................794.5.3 串口調試軟件................................................................824.6 物聯網通信技術認知實踐.....................................................834.6.1 實踐目的......................................................................834.6.2 實踐的參考地點及形式..................................................834.6.3 實踐內容......................................................................834.6.4 實踐總結......................................................................84習題.........................................................................................84第5章 嵌入式系統(tǒng)技術.........................................................................865.1 嵌入式系統(tǒng)概述..................................................................875.1.1 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的概念.........................................................875.1.2 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的組成.........................................................875.1.3 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的特征.........................................................895.1.4 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的應用領域...................................................905.1.5 嵌入式系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展史......................................................905.2 典型嵌入式硬件技術...........................................................915.2.1 單片機技術介紹............................................................915.2.2 MCU及開發(fā)工具介紹....................................................925.2.3 典型物聯網開發(fā)板介紹...................................................935.3 典型嵌入式系統(tǒng)..................................................................945.3.1 嵌入式Linux.................................................................945.3.2 Windows CE.NET.........................................................965.3.3 VxWorks.......................................................................985.3.4 UC/OSII.......................................................................995.4 典型嵌入式軟件開發(fā)技術.....................................................995.4.1 QT開發(fā)技術.................................................................995.4.2 Android開發(fā)技術........................................................1035.4.3 IOS開發(fā)技術..............................................................1105.4.4 HTML5開發(fā)技術.........................................................1135.5 嵌入式系統(tǒng)認知實踐.........................................................1165.5.1 實踐目的....................................................................1165.5.2 實踐的參考地點及形式.................................................1165.5.3 實踐內容....................................................................1165.5.4 實踐總結....................................................................116習題.......................................................................................116第6章 物聯網數據處理技術.................................................................1186.1 數據存儲技術...................................................................1196.1.1 網絡存儲技術..............................................................1196.1.2 數據中心....................................................................1216.2 云計算技術......................................................................1236.2.1 云計算的起源..............................................................1236.2.2 云計算的定義與分類....................................................1246.2.3 云計算的特征..............................................................1256.2.4 云計算與物聯網..........................................................1266.2.5 云計算的價值..............................................................1266.3 大數據分析技術................................................................1276.3.1 數據庫與數據倉庫技術.................................................1276.3.2 數據挖掘....................................................................1296.3.3 機器學習....................................................................1316.3.4 人工智能技術..............................................................1336.3.5 智能決策支持系統(tǒng).......................................................1356.4 云計算大數據認知實踐......................................................1376.4.1 實踐目的....................................................................1376.4.2 實踐的參考地點及形式................................................1376.4.3 實踐內容....................................................................1376.4.4 實踐總結....................................................................138習題.......................................................................................138第7章 物聯網安全技術.......................................................................1407.1 物聯網安全概述................................................................1417.1.1 物聯網安全的重要性....................................................1417.1.2 物聯網的安全架構.......................................................1427.1.3 物聯網安全的特殊性....................................................1447.1.4 物聯網安全的關鍵技術.................................................1447.2 物聯網分層安全體系.........................................................1467.2.1 感知層的安全問題.......................................................1467.2.2 網絡層的安全問題.......................................................1477.2.3 處理層的安全問題.......................................................1477.2.4 應用層的安全問題.......................................................1487.3 物聯網面臨的其他安全風險................................................1487.3.1 云計算面臨的安全風險.................................................1487.3.2 WLAN面臨的安全風險.................................................1497.3.3 IPv6面臨的安全風險...................................................1497.3.4 無線傳感器網絡面臨的安全風險...................................1507.3.5 基于RFID的物聯網應用安全........................................1507.4 物聯網安全認知實踐.........................................................1507.4.1 實踐目的....................................................................1507.4.2 實踐的參考地點及形式.................................................1507.4.3 實踐內容....................................................................1517.4.4 實踐總結....................................................................151習題.......................................................................................151第8章 物聯網應用..............................................................................1528.1 物聯網應用概述................................................................1538.1.1 物聯網應用現狀...........................................................1538.1.2 物聯網應用前景預測....................................................1548.1.3 物聯網整體解決方案....................................................1558.2 基于RFID技術的智慧倉庫管理系統(tǒng)典型應用.......................1568.2.1 背景分析....................................................................1568.2.2 基于RFID技術的智慧倉庫管理系統(tǒng)架構和功能分析.......1568.2.3 系統(tǒng)開發(fā)涉及的設備和相關技術...................................1568.3 基于WSN技術的智慧農業(yè)系統(tǒng)典型應用.............................1578.3.1 背景分析....................................................................1578.3.2 智慧農業(yè)系統(tǒng)架構和功能分析.......................................1578.3.3 系統(tǒng)開發(fā)涉及的設備和相關技術...................................1588.4 基于NB-IoT的典型物聯網應用..........................................1588.4.1 智慧燃氣應用..............................................................1588.4.2 智慧停車應用..............................................................1608.4.3 智慧照明應用..............................................................1628.5 工業(yè)物聯網典型應用.........................................................1648.5.1 智慧物流應用..............................................................1648.5.2 非嵌入式電梯監(jiān)控應用.................................................1658.5.3 智能叉車應用..............................................................1668.6 物聯網應用的未來展望......................................................1678.7 物聯網典型應用認知實踐...................................................1698.7.1 實踐目的....................................................................1698.7.2 實踐的參考地點及形式.................................................1698.7.3 實踐內容....................................................................1698.7.4 實踐總結....................................................................169習題.......................................................................................169附錄A 部分習題參考答案....................................................................171參考文獻................................................................................................174
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