目　　錄
出版說明
序

第
1章　立式銑床介紹 ···························· 1

1.1　概述······················································ 2

1.2　底座和立柱 ················································· 3
1.3　升降臺···················································· 3

1.3.1　床鞍·················································· 4

1.3.2　工作臺·················································· 4

1.4　轉(zhuǎn)塔····················································· 5

1.5　懸臂······················································ 5

1.6　銑頭····················································· 6

1.6.1　旋轉(zhuǎn)主軸·············································· 6

1.6.2　主軸套筒 ·············································· 8

1.6.3　自動主軸套筒進(jìn)給 ······························ 9

1.6.4　銑頭運(yùn)動 ············································ 10

1.7　可選配置··················································· 12

第 2章　立式銑床的刀具和夾具 ············ 14

2.1　概述·················································· 15

2.2　刀柄和刀桿 ···································· 15

2.3　切削刀具材料 ··································· 15

2.4　正確的切削刀具存儲方法························ 19

2.5　立銑刀···················································· 19

2.5.1　粗加工立銑刀···································· 20

2.5.2　球頭立銑刀········································ 20

2.5.3　半徑立銑刀········································ 21

2.5.4　圓角銑刀············································ 21

2.5.5　倒角立銑刀········································ 21

2.5.6　錐度立銑刀········································ 22

2.6　平面銑削刀具
··········································· 22

2.7　特種銑削刀具
··········································· 23

2.7.1　T形槽銑刀 ········································ 23
2.7.2　燕尾槽銑刀········································ 23
2.7.3　半圓鍵槽銑刀···································· 23
2.7.4　鋸片銑刀············································ 23
2.7.5　成形銑刀············································ 24

2.8　刀具夾持 ··················································· 24
2.8.1　立銑刀刀具夾持器 ···························· 24
2.8.2　鉆頭夾盤············································ 25
2.8.3　莫氏錐度轉(zhuǎn)接器 ································ 25
2.8.4　圓筒形立銑刀刀桿 ···························· 25
2.8.5　短心軸················································ 26
2.8.6　R8 夾頭·············································· 26
2.9　工件夾持 ··················································· 26
2.9.1　壓緊壓板············································ 26
2.9.2　銑削虎鉗············································ 28

2.9.3　卡盤 /夾頭夾具································· 30
2.9.4　真空吸盤、磁性吸盤和粘結(jié)劑、基工件夾持裝置 ······························· 31
2.9.5　專用夾具········································· 32

第 3章　立式銑床操作 ···························· 33

3.1　概述····················································· 34
3.2　常規(guī)銑床安全知識 ····························· 34
3.3　用調(diào)整裝置調(diào)整銑床銑頭························ 34
3.4　調(diào)整工件夾持裝置································ 36
3.4.1　調(diào)整銑削虎鉗 ···························· 36
3.4.2　調(diào)整其他工件夾持裝置和大工件····· 38
3.5　銑削操作的速度和進(jìn)給量························ 39
3.6　孔加工操作 ········································ 41
3.6.1　將孔定位在一個布局 ····················· 41
3.6.2　從一個邊定位孔 ····························· 41
3.6.3　定位零件特征的中心 ····················· 42
3.6.4　鏜孔···················································· 44
3.7　銑削基礎(chǔ)··················································· 46
3.8　加工正方體塊 ······································· 47

3.8.1　銑削面 A ········································· 47

3.8.2　銑削面 B ········································ 49

3.8.3　銑削面 C ········································ 49
3.8.4　銑削面 D············································ 50

3.8.5　銑削面 E和面 F ····························· 51
3.8.6　使用角板把塊加工成正方體············· 54
3.9　角度銑削··················································· 54


3.9.1　用帶角度的刀具銑削····················· 54
3.9.2　通過定位工件銑削角度 ················· 55
3.9.3　通過傾斜銑頭來銑削角度················· 58
3.10　銑削臺階、槽和鍵槽······························ 59
3.10.1　基本的臺階銑削 ·························· 59
3.10.2　槽銑削·············································· 61
3.11銑削半徑
················································· 65
3.11.1　銑削外半徑（圓角）························ 65
3.11.2　銑削內(nèi)半徑（圓角）························ 66
3.12　腔體銑削················································· 68

第
4章　分度和回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺操作············· 71

4.1　概述··························································· 72
4.2　回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺的零部件································ 72
4.3　回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺的設(shè)置
··································· 72
4.4　回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺的操作
··································· 74
4.4.1　用于銑削和鉆孔的分度定位············· 74
4.4.2　銑削外半徑和內(nèi)半徑
························ 75
4.5　分度頭······················································· 76
4.5.1　分度頭的零件
···································· 76
4.5.2　分度頭的設(shè)置
···································· 76
4.6　分度頭的操作
··········································· 77
4.6.1　直接分度法········································ 77
4.6.2　簡單分度法········································ 78

第
5章　數(shù)控銑削介紹
···························· 81

5.1　概述··························································· 82
5.2　加工中心的類型
······································· 82
5.3　刀具夾持··················································· 85
5.3.1　數(shù)控主軸類型
···································· 85
5.3.2　刀具夾持器類型
································ 86
5.3.3　工件夾緊裝置
···································· 90
5.4　工藝規(guī)程··················································· 94

第
6章　數(shù)控銑削編程
···························· 95

6.1　概述··························································· 96
6.2　銑削的坐標(biāo)定位
······································· 96
6.3　銑削的轉(zhuǎn)速和進(jìn)給速度···························· 97
6.3.1　主軸轉(zhuǎn)速············································ 97
6.3.2　進(jìn)給速度············································ 97

6.4　程序段號··················································· 97

6.5　銑削的運(yùn)動類型
······································· 97
6.5.1　快速移位—G0 ······························· 97
6.5.2　線性插補(bǔ)—G1 ······························· 99
6.5.3　圓弧插補(bǔ)·········································· 101

6.6　加工操作················································· 108

6.6.1　切削液開關(guān)
M指令························· 108
6.6.2　端面銑削·········································· 108
6.6.3　二維銑削·········································· 109
6.6.4　孔加工操作·······································111
6.6.5　固定循環(huán) ···········································113
6.7　刀具半徑補(bǔ)償
········································· 124

第
7章　數(shù)控銑削設(shè)置和操作··············· 128

7.1　機(jī)床控制面板
········································· 129
7.2　工件夾持設(shè)置
········································· 131
7.3　機(jī)床坐標(biāo)系和工件坐標(biāo)系······················ 131
7.4　上電和復(fù)位
············································· 132
7.5　工件偏置設(shè)置
········································· 132

7.5.1　工件
Z軸的偏置設(shè)置
······················ 133

7.5.2　工件
X軸和
Y軸的偏置設(shè)置········· 134
7.6　切削刀具················································· 136
7.6.1　切削刀具的安裝
······························ 136
7.6.2　切削刀具的偏置類型
······················ 136
7.7　程序入口················································· 140
7.8　機(jī)床操作················································· 140
7.8.1　程序驗(yàn)證·········································· 140
7.8.2　自動模式·········································· 141

第
8章　計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算
機(jī)輔助制造
······························ 142

8.1　概述························································· 143

8.2　CAD軟件的應(yīng)用···································· 143
8.2.1　幾何體類型······································ 143
8.2.2　軟件類型·········································· 144

8.3　CAM軟件的應(yīng)用
··································· 144
8.3.1　刀具軌跡·········································· 144

8.3.2　加工驗(yàn)證
/仿真······························· 148
8.3.3　后處理·············································· 148