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全書共分 8 章，主要介紹計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的概念、發(fā)展和相關(guān)性能指標(biāo)，數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)中的 OSI 參考模型、TCP/IP 參考模型，局域網(wǎng)的組成、體系結(jié)構(gòu)以及組網(wǎng)技術(shù)，廣域網(wǎng)中的數(shù)據(jù)交換技術(shù)以及分組交換網(wǎng)、ISDN、FR、DDN、ATM 及網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)，Internet 技術(shù)與應(yīng)用，網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理和網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、數(shù)字簽名和數(shù)字證書、因特網(wǎng)的安全協(xié)議、網(wǎng)絡(luò)入侵檢測(cè)以及防火墻和病毒的相關(guān)知識(shí)，*后介紹了許多計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展的新技術(shù)。本書適合作為普通高等院校本科計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)教材，也可作為計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)愛好者的參考用書。

，計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用幾乎已遍及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、科技、生活等人類活動(dòng)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，并正在對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展、生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)以至人們的日常生活方式產(chǎn)生著深刻的影響和沖擊。計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)將成為 21 世紀(jì)全球信息社會(huì)的重要支柱和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)既是高等院校計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)及其他相關(guān)專業(yè)的一門核心專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程，也是非計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)和掌握計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用技術(shù)的一門專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程，同時(shí)也是計(jì)算機(jī)類專業(yè)研究生入學(xué)考試全國(guó)統(tǒng)考課程。為了適應(yīng)應(yīng)用型人才培養(yǎng)和研究生入學(xué)考試發(fā)展的需求，作者根據(jù)多年從事本科學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程教學(xué)實(shí)踐與科研工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)編寫了本書。本書融入團(tuán)隊(duì)成員最新的科研成果，堅(jiān)持實(shí)用技術(shù)和工程實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的原則，注重能力和技能培養(yǎng)，全面系統(tǒng)地介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本原理、技術(shù)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用。編寫過程中，我們根據(jù)相關(guān)課程的教學(xué)要求和特點(diǎn)，從實(shí)際出發(fā)，力求做到：（1）內(nèi)容全面，層次分明，結(jié)構(gòu)合理。（2）突出重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)并全面解讀，力求解決實(shí)踐性問題。（3）示例豐富，實(shí)用性強(qiáng)，并配備大量習(xí)題以加強(qiáng)讀者的掌握程度。（4）反映當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)發(fā)展最新成果，概念準(zhǔn)確，層次清晰，易于學(xué)習(xí)。本書共分 8 章。第 1 章討論了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的概念、發(fā)展和相關(guān)性能指標(biāo)、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分類、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能。第 2 章主要介紹了有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)通信技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，從傳輸介質(zhì)、傳輸方式、編碼技術(shù)、多路復(fù)用、差錯(cuò)控制及檢錯(cuò)等方面展開討論。第 3 章主要介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)中的 OSI 參考模型、TCP/IP 參考模型，并對(duì)各層功能做了詳細(xì)分析和研究。第 4 章介紹了局域網(wǎng)的組成、體系結(jié)構(gòu)以及組網(wǎng)技術(shù)，并且融入了最新的操作系統(tǒng)。第 5 章主要介紹了廣域網(wǎng)中的數(shù)據(jù)交換技術(shù)以及分組交換網(wǎng)、ISDN、FR、DDN、ATM 以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連。第 6 章 Internet 技術(shù)與應(yīng)用，介紹了 Internet 的常用技術(shù)以及接入方式、Internet 的地址、域名與域名系統(tǒng)、Internet 基本服務(wù)、Internet 基本應(yīng)用等知識(shí)。第 7 章討論了網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理和網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、數(shù)字簽名和數(shù)字證書、因特網(wǎng)的安全協(xié)議、網(wǎng)絡(luò)入侵檢測(cè)、防火墻和病毒的相關(guān)知識(shí)。第 8 章主要介紹了許多計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展的新技術(shù)，如因特網(wǎng)的音頻和視頻服務(wù)、無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)、下一代互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等。本書由張彬、段國(guó)云任主編，杜丹蕾、廖文芳、李婭菲任副主編。具體編寫分工：第 1 章、第 2 章、第 3 章由張彬編寫；第 7 章、第 8 章由段國(guó)云編寫；第 4 章由杜丹蕾編寫；第 5 章由廖文芳編寫；第 6 章由李婭菲編寫，全書由張彬、杜丹蕾、李婭菲統(tǒng)稿。前言肖可、歐紅星、唐亞純等人參與了本書的編寫工作。本書得到了下列科研項(xiàng)目的資助：湖南省教育廳 2015 年教學(xué)改革課題，“工程認(rèn)證模式下 IT 課程虛擬仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)的研究與實(shí)踐”，湘教通[2015]291 號(hào)；永州市科技局規(guī)劃課題，“一種 PDA 投遞輔助系統(tǒng)的研究”，永財(cái)企指[2014]33 號(hào)（序號(hào) 27）；湖南省教育廳 2014 年教學(xué)改革項(xiàng)目，“面向校企合作的計(jì)算機(jī)類應(yīng)用技術(shù)人才培養(yǎng)模式的改革與研究”，湘教通[2014]247 號(hào)；永州市科技局課題，“基于 Android 平臺(tái)的農(nóng)超對(duì)接信息服務(wù)平臺(tái)”，永財(cái)企指[2015]25 號(hào)（序號(hào) 5）；湖南科技學(xué)院 2015 年課題，“移動(dòng)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)中基于區(qū)域互換的位置隱私保護(hù)模型研究”，項(xiàng)目編號(hào)：110391005；永州市科技局 2015 年課題，“軌跡隱私保護(hù)在新型 4G 網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的應(yīng)用研究”，項(xiàng)目編號(hào)：110371018；永州市科技局 2015 年課題，“六足機(jī)器人位姿控制及步態(tài)規(guī)劃研究”，項(xiàng)目編號(hào)：110371013；湖南科技學(xué)院 2015 年課題，“基于 Arduino 的多足機(jī)器人運(yùn)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)研究”，項(xiàng)目編號(hào)：110391001。在此感謝這些課題的主持人。由于時(shí)間緊迫，編者水平有限，加之計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速，書中難免存在疏漏和不妥之處，懇請(qǐng)廣大讀者不吝賜教。編者2016 年 12 月

第1章計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)概述 ....................................................................... 11.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) ..............................................................................................11.1.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本概念........................................................................................11.1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本功能.......................................................................................11.1.3 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組成..............................................................................................31.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展歷程.................................................................................41.2.1 面向終端的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)......................................................................................51.2.2 以資源共享為目標(biāo)的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò) .....................................................................51.2.3 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化網(wǎng)絡(luò).........................................................................................................61.2.4 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展歷程 .....................................................................................71.3 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分類 .......................................................................................................101.3.1 按網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋的地理范圍分類.............................................................................101.3.2 按網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)分類 .................................................................................... 111.3.3 按網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議分類................................................................................................121.3.4 按傳輸介質(zhì)分類................................................................................................121.3.5 按傳播技術(shù)分類................................................................................................131.3.6 按網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)分類 ........................................................................................131.4 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能 ...................................................................................................131.4.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能指標(biāo).....................................................................................131.4.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的非性能特征 ................................................................................171.5 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)............................................................................................181.5.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀.........................................................................................181.5.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)展方向 ........................................................................................19小結(jié)...................................................................................................................................21習(xí)題...................................................................................................................................21第2章數(shù)據(jù)通信基礎(chǔ)..........................................................................222.1 數(shù)據(jù)通信基本知識(shí) ..................................................................................................222.1.1 信息、數(shù)據(jù)、信號(hào)和信道................................................................................222.1.2 數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)...................................................................................................242.2 數(shù)據(jù)傳輸介質(zhì)..........................................................................................................24目錄2計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)2.2.1 雙絞線...............................................................................................................252.2.2 同軸電纜 ..........................................................................................................272.2.3 光纖..................................................................................................................282.2.4 無線介質(zhì) ..........................................................................................................302.3 數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方式..........................................................................................................322.3.1 模擬傳輸與數(shù)字傳輸 .......................................................................................322.3.2 串行通信與并行通信.......................................................................................332.3.3 數(shù)據(jù)傳輸方向 ..................................................................................................342.3.4 同步傳輸與異步傳輸.......................................................................................342.3.5 基帶傳輸與頻帶傳輸.......................................................................................352.4 數(shù)據(jù)編碼技術(shù)..........................................................................................................362.4.1 數(shù)字信號(hào)模擬化時(shí)的編碼方式 .......................................................................362.4.2 模擬信號(hào)數(shù)字化時(shí)的編碼方式.......................................................................382.4.3 數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)編碼 ..................................................................................................392.5 多路復(fù)用技術(shù)..........................................................................................................402.5.1 頻分多路復(fù)用...................................................................................................402.5.2 時(shí)分多路復(fù)用 ...................................................................................................412.5.3 波分多路復(fù)用技術(shù) ..........................................................................................422.6 差錯(cuò)控制方法..........................................................................................................432.6.1 差錯(cuò)的產(chǎn)生原因...............................................................................................432.6.2 差錯(cuò)控制 ..........................................................................................................432.6.3 差錯(cuò)控制編碼 ..................................................................................................44小結(jié)...................................................................................................................................46習(xí)題...................................................................................................................................46第3章計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................473.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu) ..........................................................................................................473.1.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展........................................................................................473.1.2 協(xié)議與劃分層次...............................................................................................483.1.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)概念 ...................................................................................503.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)參考模型...........................................................................................513.2.1 OSI參考模型.......................................................................................................513.2.2 OSI各層功能介紹.............................................................................................533.2.3 TCP/IP參考模型................................................................................................683.2.4 OSI參考模型與TCP/IP參考模型的比較...........................................................723.2.5 具有五層協(xié)議的參考模型...............................................................................733.3 網(wǎng)際協(xié)議（IP）和IP地址........................................................................................743.3.1 網(wǎng)際協(xié)議...........................................................................................................743目錄3.3.2 IP地址 ...............................................................................................................763.3.3 IP地址的映射 ...................................................................................................773.3.4 子網(wǎng)掩碼 ..........................................................................................................783.3.5 無分類編址方法CIDR.......................................................................................80小結(jié)...................................................................................................................................81習(xí)題...................................................................................................................................81第4章局域網(wǎng)...................................................................................824.1 局域網(wǎng)概述 ..............................................................................................................824.1.1 局域網(wǎng)的定義....................................................................................................824.1.2 局域網(wǎng)的分類...................................................................................................834.2 局域網(wǎng)介質(zhì)訪問控制方式......................................................................................844.2.1 載波偵聽多路訪問/沖突檢測(cè)法（CSMA/CD）..............................................854.2.2 令牌環(huán)訪問控制方式（Token Ring）.............................................................864.2.3 令牌總線訪問控制方式（Token Bus）..........................................................874.3 局域網(wǎng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)......................................................................................................884.3.1 局域網(wǎng)參考模型...............................................................................................884.3.2 IEEE 802標(biāo)準(zhǔn).....................................................................................................894.4 局域網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)技術(shù)......................................................................................................904.4.1 以太網(wǎng)...............................................................................................................904.4.2 快速以太網(wǎng) ......................................................................................................924.4.3 千兆位以太網(wǎng) ..................................................................................................934.4.4 令牌環(huán)網(wǎng)絡(luò) ......................................................................................................954.4.5 FDDI光纖環(huán)網(wǎng)...................................................................................................964.4.6 ATM局域網(wǎng).......................................................................................................974.5 局域網(wǎng)操作系統(tǒng)......................................................................................................984.5.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)概述...........................................................................................984.5.2 局域網(wǎng)操作系統(tǒng)的分類...................................................................................994.5.3 局域網(wǎng)操作系統(tǒng)的基本功能......................................................................... 1004.5.4 幾種典型的局域網(wǎng)操作系統(tǒng)..........................................................................101小結(jié).................................................................................................................................102習(xí)題.................................................................................................................................103第5章廣域網(wǎng).................................................................................1045.1 廣域網(wǎng)概述 ............................................................................................................ 1045.1.1 廣域網(wǎng)簡(jiǎn)介...................................................................................................... 1045.1.2 廣域網(wǎng)與局域網(wǎng)的區(qū)別 ................................................................................. 1055.1.3 數(shù)據(jù)交換技術(shù)................................................................................................. 1064計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)5.2 公共傳輸系統(tǒng)及其接入技術(shù)..................................................................................1115.2.1 公共交換電話網(wǎng)...............................................................................................1115.2.2 公共傳輸系統(tǒng)接入方式...................................................................................1115.3 X.25分組交換網(wǎng)......................................................................................................1115.4 綜合業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)字網(wǎng).....................................................................................................1135.5 數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)網(wǎng).............................................................................................................1155.6 幀中繼FR.................................................................................................................1185.6.1 幀中繼的工作原理..........................................................................................1185.6.2 幀中繼的幀格式 .............................................................................................1215.6.3 幀中繼的擁塞控制 ........................................................................................ 1225.7 異步傳輸模式........................................................................................................ 1245.7.1 ATM的基本概念.............................................................................................. 1245.7.2 ATM的協(xié)議參考模型和信元結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................. 1255.7.3 ATM的邏輯連接機(jī)制..................................................................................... 1305.7.4 AAL層舉例：AAL5.......................................................................................... 1335.8 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連................................................................................................................ 1345.8.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連概述................................................................................................. 1345.8.2 因特網(wǎng)接入技術(shù) ............................................................................................ 1365.8.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)實(shí)例 .................................................................................................137小結(jié).................................................................................................................................138習(xí)題.................................................................................................................................138第6章 Internet技術(shù)與應(yīng)用................................................................1396.1 Internet簡(jiǎn)介............................................................................................................ 1396.2 Internet的組成....................................................................................................... 1396.3 Internet的連接方式................................................................................................1416.4 Internet的地址....................................................................................................... 1466.4.1 IP地址.............................................................................................................. 1466.4.2 域名與域名系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................ 1466.5 Internet基本服務(wù)....................................................................................................1476.5.1 電子郵件E-mail...............................................................................................1476.5.2 遠(yuǎn)程登錄Telnet .............................................................................................. 1496.5.3 BBS.................................................................................................................. 1506.5.4 文件傳輸協(xié)議 .................................................................................................1516.5.5 文件共享 ........................................................................................................ 1536.5.6 Intranet技術(shù).................................................................................................... 1536.6 Internet基本應(yīng)用................................................................................................... 1586.6.1 WWW服務(wù)....................................................................................................... 1585目錄6.6.2 即時(shí)通信軟件 ................................................................................................ 1596.6.3 電子商務(wù) ........................................................................................................ 1606.6.4 交互性社交網(wǎng)絡(luò) ............................................................................................ 165小結(jié).................................................................................................................................167習(xí)題.................................................................................................................................168第7章網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理與網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全 ..............................................................1697.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理 ................................................................................................................ 1697.1.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理功能.................................................................................................. 1697.1.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理協(xié)議 ..................................................................................................1727.1.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的日常管理和維護(hù) ..................................................................................1747.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全基礎(chǔ).........................................................................................................1797.2.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全概述 ..................................................................................................1797.2.2 密碼學(xué) ............................................................................................................ 1807.3 數(shù)字簽名................................................................................................................ 1847.3.1 數(shù)字簽名的基本原理 ..................................................................................... 1847.3.2 數(shù)字簽名的要求............................................................................................. 1857.3.3 數(shù)字簽名的分類............................................................................................. 1857.3.4 數(shù)字簽名的使用............................................................................................. 1867.3.5 數(shù)字簽名與手寫簽名的區(qū)別......................................................................... 1887.4 數(shù)字證書................................................................................................................ 1887.4.1 數(shù)字證書概述 ................................................................................................. 1897.4.2 認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu) .........................................................................................................1917.5 因特網(wǎng)的安全協(xié)議................................................................................................ 1937.5.1 SSL安全套接層協(xié)議........................................................................................ 1937.5.2 SET安全電子交易協(xié)議 ................................................................................... 1957.5.3 IPSec.................................................................................................................1977.6 防火墻技術(shù)............................................................................................................ 1997.6.1 防火墻概念..................................................................................................... 1997.6.2 防火墻的特點(diǎn).................................................................................................2007.6.3 防火墻的類型.................................................................................................2007.6.4 防火墻的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式.........................................................................................2027.6.5 防火墻的選擇.................................................................................................2037.7 網(wǎng)絡(luò)入侵檢測(cè)........................................................................................................2047.7.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)入侵檢測(cè)的原理 .....................................................................................2057.7.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)入侵檢測(cè)的主要方法.............................................................................2067.8 病毒防治................................................................................................................2097.8.1 計(jì)算機(jī)病毒的概念 .........................................................................................2096計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)7.8.2 計(jì)算機(jī)病毒的分類......................................................................................... 2127.8.3 計(jì)算機(jī)病毒的傳播途徑及中毒癥狀............................................................. 2147.8.4 計(jì)算機(jī)病毒防治措施..................................................................................... 215小結(jié).................................................................................................................................216習(xí)題.................................................................................................................................217第8章計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)新技術(shù) .................................................................2188.1 因特網(wǎng)上的音頻/視頻服務(wù)................................................................................... 2188.1.1 概述.................................................................................................................. 2188.1.2 多媒體應(yīng)用分類............................................................................................. 2188.1.3 音頻和視頻壓縮............................................................................................. 2188.1.4 存儲(chǔ)式音頻和視頻流媒體 ............................................................................. 2198.2 無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)................................................................................................................ 2218.2.1 無線局域網(wǎng)概述............................................................................................. 2218.2.2 無線局域網(wǎng)的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用.............................................................................2228.2.3 無線局域網(wǎng)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu).................................................................................2238.2.4．IEEE 802.11系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn).......................................................................................2248.3 下一代互聯(lián)網(wǎng)........................................................................................................2258.3.1 IP地址資源不足 ..............................................................................................2258.3.2 IPv6的功能......................................................................................................2278.3.3 IPv6的地址結(jié)構(gòu)..............................................................................................2278.3.4 從IPv4向IPv6過渡........................................................................................... 2318.3.5 下一代互聯(lián)網(wǎng) ................................................................................................2338.4 VPN接入.................................................................................................................2368.5 Web3D技術(shù) ...........................................................................................................2398.5.1 Web3D技術(shù)的特點(diǎn).........................................................................................2408.5.2 基于Web的3D技術(shù) ........................................................................................ 2418.5.3 Web3D技術(shù)應(yīng)用與發(fā)展 ................................................................................2448.6 VOD技術(shù)................................................................................................................2458.7 VoIP ........................................................................................................................2488.7.1 VoIP概述..........................................................................................................2488.7.2 VoIP控制協(xié)議 .................................................................................................2488.7.3 VoIP的關(guān)鍵技術(shù) .............................................................................................2508.7.4 VoIP技術(shù)的優(yōu)點(diǎn) .............................................................................................2508.7.5 VoIP應(yīng)用現(xiàn)存的問題及解決辦法.................................................................. 251小結(jié).................................................................................................................................252習(xí)題.................................................................................................................................252參考文獻(xiàn).........................................................................................253

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