1 First Things First 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 PUTERS: AN OVERVIEW 1.3 PUTER HARDWARE 1.3.1 Input Devices 1.3.2 Processor Unit 1.3.3 Internal Memory 1.3.4 External Storage 1.3.5 Output Devices 1.4 PROCESS OPERATION 1.4.1 Performance Measurement 1.5 WHAT IS SOFTWARE?. 1.5.1 System Software 1.5.2 Application Software REVIEW EXERCISES 2 The UNIX Operating System 2.1 UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM: A BRIEF HISTORY 2.1.1 UNIX System V 2.1.2 Berkeley UNIX 2.1.3 UNIX Standards 2.2 OTHER UNIX SYSTEMS 2.2.1 Linux 2.2.2 Solaris 2.2.3 Unix Ware 2.2.4 Which UNIX to Learn? 2.2.5 X Window System 2.3 OVERVIEW OF THE UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM 2.4 UNiX FEATURES 2.4.1 Portability 2.4.2 Multiuser Capability 2.4.3 Multitasking Capability 2.4.4 Hierarchical File System 2.4.5 Device-Independent Input and Output Operations 2.4.6 User Interface: Shell 2.4.7 Utilities 2.4.8 System Services REVIEW EXERCISES 3 Getting Started 3.1 ESTABLISHING CONTACT WiTH UNIX 3.1.1 Logging In 3.1.2 Changing Your Password: The passwd Command 3.1.3 General Rules for Choosing Passwords 3.1.4 Logging Off 3.2 USING SOME SIMPLE MANDS 3.2.1 The Command Line 3.2.2 Basic Command Line Structure 3.2,3 Date and Time Display: The date Command 3.2.4 Information on Users: The who Command 3.2.5 Displaying a Calendar: The Pal Command 3.3 GETTING HELP 3,3.1 Using the learn Command 3.3.2 Using the help Command 3.3.3 Getting More Information: The UNIX Manual 3.3.4 Using the Electronic Manual: The man Command 3.4 CORRECTING TYPING MISTAKES 3.5 USING SHELLS AND UTILITIES 3.5.1 Kinds of Shells 3.5.2 Changing Your Shell 3.5.3 The Shells in This Book 3.6 MORE ABOUT THE LOGGING-IN PROCESS MAND SUMMARY REVIEW EXERCISES Terminal Session 4 The vi Editor: First Look 4.1 WHAT IS AN EDITOR? 4.1.1 UNIX-Supported Editors …… 5 Introduction to the UMIX File System 6 The vi Editor:Last Look 7 The Emacs Editor 8 The UMIX File System Continued 9 Exploring the Shell 10 UMIX Communication 11 Program Development 13 Shell Programming 13 Shell Scripts:Writing Applications 14 FAREWELL TO UMIX Appendix Index