第1章 概述 ..............................................................................................................................................................1

1.1.計算機中的數(shù)制與編碼....................................................................................................................................1

1.1.1.數(shù)制與數(shù)制轉(zhuǎn)換........................................................................................................................................1

1.1.2.計算機中的數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù).................................................................................................................................2

1.2.程序設(shè)計方法...................................................................................................................................................4

1.2.1　傳統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)化程序設(shè)計.............................................................................................................................4

1.2.2.面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計.................................................................................................................................5

1.3.算法的概念及表示方法....................................................................................................................................5

1.3.1.算法的概念................................................................................................................................................5

1.3.2.算法的表示方法........................................................................................................................................6

1.4.程序設(shè)計語言的發(fā)展........................................................................................................................................6

1.4.1.程序設(shè)計語言的演變.................................................................................................................................6

1.4.2.程序設(shè)計語言處理系統(tǒng).............................................................................................................................7

1.4.3.C語言和面向?qū)ο蟮腃 語言....................................................................................................................8

1.5.一個簡單的C 程序.........................................................................................................................................9

1.6.C 程序的編寫與實現(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................................10

1.7.使用Visual C 開發(fā)C 程序 .........................................................................................................................11

習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................................................................................14

第2章 基本數(shù)據(jù)類型及表達式 ...............................................................................................................................15

2.1　詞法符號 ........................................................................................................................................................15

2.1.1　字符集.....................................................................................................................................................15

2.1.2　標(biāo)識符.....................................................................................................................................................15

2.1.3　關(guān)鍵字.....................................................................................................................................................16

2.2.基本數(shù)據(jù)類型 .................................................................................................................................................16

2.3　常量與變量 .....................................................................................................................................................17

2.3.1　常量.........................................................................................................................................................17

2.3.2　變量.........................................................................................................................................................21

2.3.3　變量的賦值與初始化...............................................................................................................................22

2.4　運算符與表達式 .............................................................................................................................................23

2.4.1　表達式.....................................................................................................................................................25

2.4.2　算術(shù)運算符..............................................................................................................................................25

2.4.3　復(fù)合的賦值運算符...................................................................................................................................26

2.4.4　自增、自減運算符...................................................................................................................................27

2.4.5　逗號運算符..............................................................................................................................................28

2.4.6　常用數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù)..........................................................................................................................................28

2.4.7　類型轉(zhuǎn)換..................................................................................................................................................28

習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................................................................................30

第3章 結(jié)構(gòu)化程序設(shè)計 ..........................................................................................................................................33

3.1.C 基本語句 ..................................................................................................................................................33

3.2　輸入與輸出 .....................................................................................................................................................34

3.2.1　數(shù)據(jù)的輸出..............................................................................................................................................34

3.2.2.數(shù)據(jù)的輸入..............................................................................................................................................35

3.3　順序結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計 .........................................................................................................................................37

3.3.1　簡單程序的基本結(jié)構(gòu)...............................................................................................................................37

3.3.2　順序結(jié)構(gòu)程序舉例...................................................................................................................................37

3.4　選擇結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計 .........................................................................................................................................41

3.4.1　關(guān)系運算符與關(guān)系表達式.......................................................................................................................41

3.4.2.邏輯運算符與邏輯表達式.......................................................................................................................42

3.4.3　用if語句實現(xiàn)選擇結(jié)構(gòu).............................................................................................................................44

3.4.4.if語句的嵌套形式....................................................................................................................................50

3.4.5　switch語句...............................................................................................................................................52

3.4.6　條件運算符與條件表達式.......................................................................................................................58

3.5　循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)程序設(shè)計 .........................................................................................................................................59

3.5.1　while語句.................................................................................................................................................60

3.5.2　do-while語句...........................................................................................................................................64

3.5.3　for語句.....................................................................................................................................................67

3.5.4　break語句................................................................................................................................................70

3.5.5　continue語句............................................................................................................................................74

3.5.6　循環(huán)的嵌套..............................................................................................................................................75

3.5.7　三種循環(huán)語句的比較...............................................................................................................................80

3.6　循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)程序舉例 .........................................................................................................................................80

習(xí)題 ........................................................................................................................................................................86

第4章 數(shù)組與指針 .................................................................................................................................................88

4.1　數(shù)組 ................................................................................................................................................................88

4.1.1　數(shù)組概念的引入......................................................................................................................................88

4.1.2　一維數(shù)組..................................................................................................................................................89

4.1.3　二維數(shù)組..................................................................................................................................................98

4.1.4　字符數(shù)組與字符串.................................................................................................................................106

4.2　指針 ..............................................................................................................................................................118

4.2.1　地址和指針的概念.................................................................................................................................118

4.2.2　指針變量的定義....................................................................................................................................118

4.2.3　取地址運算符與指針運算符..................................................................................................................119

4.2.4　指針變量的賦值....................................................................................................................................121

4.2.5　指針變量的運算....................................................................................................................................124

4.3　指針與數(shù)組 ...................................................................................................................................................126

4.3.1　指針變量與一維數(shù)組.............................................................................................................................127

4.3.2　指針變量與二維數(shù)組.............................................................................................................................129

4.3.3　指針變量與字符串.................................................................................................................................131

4.3.4　指針數(shù)組................................................................................................................................................134

4.3.5　多級指針變量........................................................................................................................................138

4.4.引用 ..............................................................................................................................................................140

4.4.1　引用及其聲明........................................................................................................................................140

4.4.2　引用的使用............................................................................................................................................140

4.5.動態(tài)內(nèi)存分配 ...............................................................................................................................................141

4.5.1　單個數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)存空間的分配與釋放..........................................................................................................141

4.5.2　數(shù)組空間的分配與釋放.........................................................................................................................143

習(xí)題 ......................................................................................................................................................................145

第5章 函數(shù)與預(yù)處理 ............................................................................................................................................147

5.1　函數(shù)的定義 ...................................................................................................................................................147

5.1.1　函數(shù)概念的引入....................................................................................................................................147

5.1.2　函數(shù)的定義............................................................................................................................................148

5.1.3　return語句..............................................................................................................................................150

5.1.4　函數(shù)聲明................................................................................................................................................152

5.2.函數(shù)的調(diào)用 ...................................................................................................................................................154

5.2.1　函數(shù)的調(diào)用形式....