《計算機英語（第五版）（計算機系列教材）》計算機及相關(guān)專業(yè)的專業(yè)英語教材，是按計算機的知識結(jié)構(gòu)層次編寫的。內(nèi)容涵蓋以下三個部分：計算機及計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)（第1章和第3章），計算機軟件（第2章、第6章為系統(tǒng)軟件，第7、8、9、10、11章為應(yīng)用軟件）和因特網(wǎng)應(yīng)用（第4、5章）。在具體內(nèi)容的選取上，除了基礎(chǔ)知識以外，盡量吸取最先進的技術(shù)和知識，這其中包括云計算、大數(shù)據(jù)、3D打印技術(shù)、工業(yè)4.0和慕課等。鑒于因特網(wǎng)應(yīng)用發(fā)展異常迅猛，本書有19課（約占全書59課的1∕3）涉及因特網(wǎng)應(yīng)用。
為便于讀者閱讀，書中對一些較難理解和翻譯的句子做了注釋，對遇到的專業(yè)術(shù)語也都做了解釋。
本書主要用作大學計算機及相關(guān)專業(yè)本科生、�？粕慕滩模部晒┭芯可皡⒓佑嬎銠C水平考試的考生使用。
《計算機英語（第五版）（計算機系列教材）》是計算機專業(yè)英語的經(jīng)典教材，累計出版了5個版本，應(yīng)用廣泛，近60萬學子使用本書。
按計算機的知識結(jié)構(gòu)層次編寫。內(nèi)容涵蓋以下三個部分：計算機和計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)、計算機軟件和因特網(wǎng)應(yīng)用。
盡量吸取最先進的技術(shù)和知識，包括云計算、大數(shù)據(jù)、3D打印技術(shù)、工業(yè)4.0和慕課等。鑒于因特網(wǎng)應(yīng)用發(fā)展異常迅猛，本書有約三分之一的篇幅是講述因特網(wǎng)應(yīng)用的。
書中對一些較難翻譯和理解的句子、單詞進行了注釋；每一節(jié)后面列出關(guān)鍵詞匯，給出聯(lián)系題；書后還給出參考譯文，供讀者參考。
《計算機英語（第四版）》出版6年以來，計算機和因特網(wǎng)又出現(xiàn)了很多新技術(shù)，為了適應(yīng)這種新的形勢，編寫了第五版。第五版只保留了第四版中計算機和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)內(nèi)容，超過80%是新內(nèi)容�？紤]到長期使用本教材的教師和讀者的用書習慣，本書編寫格式與第四版保持一致，即課文中有注釋、關(guān)鍵詞和練習題，書后附有習題答案和參考譯文。
本書由劉兆毓、鄭家農(nóng)等編著，全書共11章，46節(jié)（內(nèi)含59課），其中鄭家農(nóng)編寫了第9～11章，閆金平編寫了第1、3章，劉華群編寫了第2、6章，武華編寫了第4、8章，劉兆毓編寫了第5、7章。
本書在編寫過程中，引用了劉藝、王春生編寫的《計算機英語（第4版）》的部分內(nèi)容，在此表示感謝。
由于作者水平有限，書中難免有不當之處，敬請批評指正。
編者
2017年10月于北京
CHAPTER 5 NEW INTERNET APPLICATIONS
5.1 INSTANT MESSAGING (IM)
5.1.1 OVERVIEW OF INSTANT MESSAGING (IM)
Instant messaging (IM) is an extension of e-mail that allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communication. To use instant messaging, you specify a list of friends and register with an instant messaging server. Whenever you connect to the Internet, special software informs your messaging server that you are online. [1] In response, the server will notify you if any of your contacts are online. At the same time, it notifies your friends that you are online. You can then send messages directly back and forth to one another. Most instant messaging programs also include video conferencing features, file sharing, and remote assistance. Many businesses routinely use these instant messaging features.
Instant messaging is a popular variation of chat in which you are informed when someone on your buddy list—a list containing the names of friends and associates that you specify—are on line; when they are on line, you can send them a message that immediately appears on their screen (See Figure 5-1).[2] You can then have a real—time typed conversation.
Figure 5-1 Instant Messaging
As of 2010, social networking providers often offer IM abilities. Facebook Chat is a form of instant messaging, and Twitter can be thought of as a Web 2.0 instant messaging system[3]. Similar server-side chat features are part of most dating websites, such as OKCupid or Plenty of Fish[4]. The spread of smartphones and similar devices in the late 2000s also caused increased competition with conventional instant messaging, by making text messaging services still more ubiquitous.
Many instant messaging services offer video calling features, voice over IP and web conferencing services[5]. Web conferencing services can integrate both video calling and instant messaging abilities. Some instant messaging companies are also offering desktop sharing, IP radio, and IPTV to the voice and video features[6].
Each modern IM service generally provides its own client, either a separately installed piece of software, or a browser-based client. These usually only work with the supplier company’s service, although some allow limited function with other services. Third party client software applications exist, that will connect with most of the major IM services. Adium, Empathy, Miranda IM, Pidgin, Qnext and Trillian are a few of the common ones[7].
Standard complementary instant messaging applications offer functions like file transfer, contact list(s), the ability to hold several simultaneous conversations, etc. These may be all the functions that a small business needs, but larger organizations will require more sophisticated applications that can work together[8]. The solution to finding applications capable of this is to use enterprise versions of instant messaging applications. These include titles like XMPP, Lotus Sametime, Microsoft Office Communicator, etc., which are often integrated with other enterprise applications such as workflow systems[9]. These enterprise applications, or enterprise application integration (EAI), are built to certain constraints, namely storing data in a common format.
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