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《計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)（第五版）（計(jì)算機(jī)系列教材）》計(jì)算機(jī)及相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)的專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教材，是按計(jì)算機(jī)的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)層次編寫(xiě)的。內(nèi)容涵蓋以下三個(gè)部分：計(jì)算機(jī)及計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)（第1章和第3章），計(jì)算機(jī)軟件（第2章、第6章為系統(tǒng)軟件，第7、8、9、10、11章為應(yīng)用軟件）和因特網(wǎng)應(yīng)用（第4、5章）。在具體內(nèi)容的選取上，除了基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)以外，盡量吸取最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和知識(shí)，這其中包括云計(jì)算、大數(shù)據(jù)、3D打印技術(shù)、工業(yè)4.0和慕課等。鑒于因特網(wǎng)應(yīng)用發(fā)展異常迅猛，本書(shū)有19課（約占全書(shū)59課的1∕3）涉及因特網(wǎng)應(yīng)用。
為便于讀者閱讀，書(shū)中對(duì)一些較難理解和翻譯的句子做了注釋?zhuān)瑢?duì)遇到的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)也都做了解釋。
本書(shū)主要用作大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)及相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)本科生、專(zhuān)科生的教材，也可供研究生及參加計(jì)算機(jī)水平考試的考生使用。

　　CHAPTER 5 NEW INTERNET APPLICATIONS
　　5.1 INSTANT MESSAGING (IM)
　　5.1.1 OVERVIEW OF INSTANT MESSAGING (IM)
　　Instant messaging (IM) is an extension of e-mail that allows two or more people to contact each other via direct, live communication. To use instant messaging, you specify a list of friends and register with an instant messaging server. Whenever you connect to the Internet, special software informs your messaging server that you are online. [1] In response, the server will notify you if any of your contacts are online. At the same time, it notifies your friends that you are online. You can then send messages directly back and forth to one another. Most instant messaging programs also include video conferencing features, file sharing, and remote assistance. Many businesses routinely use these instant messaging features.
　　Instant messaging is a popular variation of chat in which you are informed when someone on your buddy list—a list containing the names of friends and associates that you specify—are on line; when they are on line, you can send them a message that immediately appears on their screen (See Figure 5-1).[2] You can then have a real—time typed conversation.
　　Figure 5-1 Instant Messaging
　　As of 2010, social networking providers often offer IM abilities. Facebook Chat is a form of instant messaging, and Twitter can be thought of as a Web 2.0 instant messaging system[3]. Similar server-side chat features are part of most dating websites, such as OKCupid or Plenty of Fish[4]. The spread of smartphones and similar devices in the late 2000s also caused increased competition with conventional instant messaging, by making text messaging services still more ubiquitous.
　　Many instant messaging services offer video calling features, voice over IP and web conferencing services[5]. Web conferencing services can integrate both video calling and instant messaging abilities. Some instant messaging companies are also offering desktop sharing, IP radio, and IPTV to the voice and video features[6].
　　Each modern IM service generally provides its own client, either a separately installed piece of software, or a browser-based client. These usually only work with the supplier company’s service, although some allow limited function with other services. Third party client software applications exist, that will connect with most of the major IM services. Adium, Empathy, Miranda IM, Pidgin, Qnext and Trillian are a few of the common ones[7].
　　Standard complementary instant messaging applications offer functions like file transfer, contact list(s), the ability to hold several simultaneous conversations, etc. These may be all the functions that a small business needs, but larger organizations will require more sophisticated applications that can work together[8]. The solution to finding applications capable of this is to use enterprise versions of instant messaging applications. These include titles like XMPP, Lotus Sametime, Microsoft Office Communicator, etc., which are often integrated with other enterprise applications such as workflow systems[9]. These enterprise applications, or enterprise application integration (EAI), are built to certain constraints, namely storing data in a common format.
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