內容主要包括剪紙的發(fā)展歷史、剪紙的文化內涵、剪紙的地域風格、剪紙的表現(xiàn)手法、剪紙的制作技藝、民間傳統(tǒng)剪紙紋樣、剪紙創(chuàng)作作品賞析七個部分。民間剪紙是我國民族傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分,傳承和發(fā)展民間剪紙對保持本土文化特色有重要的作用。本書理論與實踐相結合,通過理論學習加強學生對傳統(tǒng)文化的認知,通過實踐操作指導學生掌握剪紙技藝,通俗易懂,具有較強的針對性和實際應用價值和實踐推廣價值。
曹國洪,男,重慶文理學院美術與設計學院教師,教學辦公室主任,副教授,中國美術家協(xié)會會員。主要從事美術創(chuàng)作、美術教學與美術理論研究工作。16件作品在全國美展及省市美展中參展與獲獎,26件作品發(fā)表在《美術觀察》、《文藝研究》、《藝術百家》等專業(yè)期刊中,18篇論文發(fā)表在《美術觀察》、《民族藝術研究》等專業(yè)期刊中,主持主研教改項目8項,主持主研科研項目6項。
第一章 剪紙的發(fā)展歷史······································································································· 1
第二章 剪紙的文化內涵······································································································· 5
一、原始巫術和圖騰崇拜文化································································································ 5
二、生殖繁衍和陰陽哲學文化······························································································ 10
三、驅邪壓勝(厭勝)和吉祥瑞福文化················································································· 14
第三章 剪紙的地域風格····································································································· 24
一、東北地區(qū)的剪紙··········································································································· 24
二、華北地區(qū)的剪紙··········································································································· 27
三、西北地區(qū)的剪紙··········································································································· 29
四、西南地區(qū)的剪紙··········································································································· 32
五、東南地區(qū)的剪紙··········································································································· 35
第四章 剪紙的表現(xiàn)手法····································································································· 38
一、紋樣的黑白比重··········································································································· 38
二、畫面的色彩關系··········································································································· 41
三、紋樣的組織方法··········································································································· 44
第五章 剪紙的制作技藝····································································································· 50
一、剪紙的材料與工具········································································································ 50
二、剪紙的制作工藝··········································································································· 52
第六章 民間傳統(tǒng)剪紙紋樣·································································································· 56
一、生命樹························································································································ 56
二、喜 花························································································································· 59
三、抓髻娃娃····················································································································· 63
四、門 箋························································································································· 67
第七章 學生剪紙作品選····································································································· 70
一、廉政主題剪紙··············································································································· 70
二、吉祥瑞福剪紙··············································································································· 90
三、景觀古鎮(zhèn)剪紙············································································································· 118
參考文獻·························································································································· 134
剪紙又叫刻花、剪花、紙花、紙樣等,是運用剪刀或刻刀在紙上進行鏤空剪刻的一種民間藝術形式,也是我國傳統(tǒng)文化中鄉(xiāng)土氣息最濃、群眾基礎最深的民間藝術之一。
鏤刻藝術產(chǎn)生于新石器時代,通過在獸皮、樹葉、樹皮等材料上進行鏤刻藝術加工,表達人類最初的審美情感。從商代開始有人用金銀箔、皮革或絲織品進行鏤空刻花制作裝飾品,這些裝飾物,雖然不是真正意義上的剪紙,但在刻制技術和藝術風格上,可以說是剪紙藝術的雛形。
西漢時期,人們用麻纖維造紙,傳說漢武帝的寵妃李氏去世后,漢武帝思念不已,寢食不安,于是請術士用麻紙剪了李妃的剪影為其招魂,這大概是最早的剪紙。公元105年,蔡倫發(fā)明造紙術,隨著造紙術的發(fā)展和普及,為鏤花藝術形式提供了簡易的制作材料,從而誕生了剪紙藝術。盡管剪紙藝術發(fā)展至今已有兩千年的歷史,但由于紙張不宜保存,目前有據(jù)可查最早的剪紙是 20 世紀 60 年代,在新疆吐魯番盆地的阿斯塔那古墓群中,發(fā)現(xiàn)的南北朝時期的對馬團花剪紙(見圖1-1)和對猴團花剪紙(見圖1-2)。這兩張團花剪紙都采用麻料紙折疊剪刻,成為我國剪紙發(fā)展歷史中最早的實物佐證。