序言總前言前言第一章 工作內(nèi)容及深度要求 ····················· 1一、發(fā)電類工程工作內(nèi)容及深度要求 ········· 1二、輸電線路類工程工作內(nèi)容及深度要求 ·············································· 3三、變電類工程工作內(nèi)容及深度要求 ········· 5四、新能源類工程工作內(nèi)容及深度要求 ······ 5第二章 水文氣象調(diào)查 ·································· 7第一節(jié) 枯水調(diào)查 ····································· 7一、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查準(zhǔn)備工作 ···························· 7二、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查原則 ·································· 7三、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查內(nèi)容 ·································· 8四、枯水調(diào)查中的測(cè)量工作 ····················· 8五、枯水流量推求 ·································· 9六、枯水重現(xiàn)期確定 ······························ 11七、巖溶地區(qū)枯水調(diào)查 ··························· 11八、河網(wǎng)化地區(qū)枯水調(diào)查························ 12九、枯水調(diào)查可靠程度評(píng)定 ···················· 12第二節(jié) 水資源調(diào)查································· 13一、水資源總量調(diào)查 ······························ 13二、用水量調(diào)查 ···································· 13三、專項(xiàng)調(diào)查 ······································· 13第三節(jié) 洪水和內(nèi)澇調(diào)查 ·························· 14一、調(diào)查準(zhǔn)備工作 ································· 14二、歷史洪水調(diào)查訪問(wèn) ··························· 15三、洪水調(diào)查中的測(cè)量和攝影 ················· 16四、洪峰流量計(jì)算 ································· 17五、巖溶地區(qū)的洪水調(diào)查························ 21六、調(diào)查資料整理 ································· 22七、內(nèi)澇（平原洪水）調(diào)查 ···················· 23第四節(jié) 河床演變調(diào)查······························ 25一、調(diào)查內(nèi)容 ······································ 25二、河床演變調(diào)查 ································ 25三、測(cè)量與河床質(zhì)取樣 ·························· 27四、調(diào)查河段變形分析計(jì)算 ···················· 27第五節(jié) 冰情及漂浮物調(diào)查 ······················· 27一、冰情 ············································ 27二、漂浮物 ········································· 30第六節(jié) 泥石流調(diào)查 ································ 30一、泥石流的性質(zhì) ································ 30二、泥石流調(diào)查的內(nèi)容 ·························· 31三、泥石流調(diào)查的步驟 ·························· 32第七節(jié) 海洋水文調(diào)查 ····························· 32一、調(diào)查范圍 ······································ 32二、調(diào)查內(nèi)容和方法 ····························· 32第八節(jié) 氣象調(diào)查 ··································· 34一、大風(fēng)調(diào)查 ······································ 34二、導(dǎo)線覆冰調(diào)查 ································ 35三、積雪與凍土深度調(diào)查 ······················· 37四、熱帶氣旋調(diào)查 ································ 38五、龍卷風(fēng)調(diào)查 ··································· 38六、寒潮調(diào)查 ······································ 39七、暴雨調(diào)查 ······································ 39第三章 水文氣象觀測(cè) ································ 42第一節(jié) 陸地水文觀測(cè) ····························· 42一、觀測(cè)內(nèi)容 ······································ 42二、觀測(cè)方法 ······································ 42三、測(cè)驗(yàn)斷面選擇原則 ·························· 42四、水位觀測(cè) ······································ 42五、流速流向及流量觀測(cè) ······················· 44六、大斷面測(cè)量 ··································· 46七、泥沙觀測(cè) ······································ 47電力工程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) 工程水文氣象八、水溫及水質(zhì)觀測(cè) ····························· 47九、冰情觀測(cè) ······································· 47第二節(jié) 海洋水文觀測(cè) ····························· 47一、觀測(cè)內(nèi)容 ······································· 48二、觀測(cè)方法 ······································· 48三、潮汐觀測(cè) ······································· 48四、波浪觀測(cè) ······································· 49五、海流觀測(cè) ······································· 49六、泥沙觀測(cè) ······································· 49七、水溫、鹽度與水質(zhì)觀測(cè) ···················· 50八、海冰觀測(cè) ······································· 50第三節(jié) 氣象觀測(cè) ··································· 51一、觀測(cè)內(nèi)容 ······································· 51二、觀測(cè)方法 ······································· 51三、常規(guī)氣象觀測(cè)································· 51四、風(fēng)觀測(cè) ·········································· 51五、空冷氣象觀測(cè)································· 52六、太陽(yáng)輻射觀測(cè)································· 54七、覆冰觀測(cè) ······································· 54第四章 相關(guān)分析與頻率計(jì)算 ··················· 56第一節(jié) 相關(guān)分析 ··································· 56一、簡(jiǎn)單相關(guān)分析································· 56二、復(fù)相關(guān)分析···································· 60三、假相關(guān)與輾轉(zhuǎn)相關(guān)分析 ···················· 63第二節(jié) 頻率計(jì)算 ··································· 64一、經(jīng)驗(yàn)頻率曲線································· 65二、P-Ⅲ型頻率分布曲線 ························ 67三、極值Ⅰ型頻率分布曲線 ···················· 78四、對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)頻率分布曲線 ···················· 80五、廣義帕累托（GPD）分布模型 ··········· 81六、隨機(jī)分析模型································· 84第三節(jié) 統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn) ··································· 85一、一元線性回歸方程檢驗(yàn) ···················· 85二、復(fù)相關(guān)回歸方程檢驗(yàn) ······················· 88第五章 供水水源 ········································ 89第一節(jié) 天然河流 ··································· 89一、有資料地區(qū)枯水徑流計(jì)算 ················· 89二、短缺資料地區(qū)枯水徑流計(jì)算 ·············· 96三、無(wú)資料地區(qū)枯水徑流計(jì)算 ················· 98四、資料的移用·································· 100五、流量歷時(shí)曲線······························· 101第二節(jié) 水庫(kù)取水 ································· 102一、設(shè)計(jì)年徑流及其分配 ····················· 102二、水庫(kù)徑流調(diào)節(jié)計(jì)算 ························ 111三、水庫(kù)調(diào)度與控制曲線 ····················· 117第三節(jié) 水庫(kù)下游取水 ··························· 120一、水庫(kù)調(diào)節(jié)流量的推求 ····················· 120二、區(qū)間來(lái)水的推求 ··························· 121三、設(shè)計(jì)斷面枯水流量和枯水位 ············ 121第四節(jié) 河網(wǎng)化地區(qū)取水 ························ 121一、概述 ·········································· 121二、河網(wǎng)化地區(qū)取水搜集基本資料的內(nèi)容··········································· 121三、河網(wǎng)水源計(jì)算 ······························ 122第五節(jié) 湖泊取水 ································· 125一、湖泊特性 ···································· 125二、不閉塞湖泊水量平衡計(jì)算 ··············· 126三、閉塞湖泊水量平衡計(jì)算 ·················· 126第六節(jié) 再生水 ···································· 132一、再生水可利用水量 ························ 132二、再生水出水水質(zhì) ··························· 134第七節(jié) 礦區(qū)排水 ································· 135一、礦區(qū)排水量的影響因素 ·················· 135二、規(guī)劃礦井涌水量預(yù)測(cè)計(jì)算 ··············· 135三、已建礦井礦坑排水量分析計(jì)算 ········· 136四、礦區(qū)排水可利用量分析 ·················· 136第六章 設(shè)計(jì)洪水 ······································ 137第一節(jié) 天然河流設(shè)計(jì)洪水 ····················· 137一、根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)流量資料計(jì)算設(shè)計(jì)洪峰流量··········································· 137二、根據(jù)暴雨資料推求設(shè)計(jì)洪水 ············ 142三、設(shè)計(jì)洪水位計(jì)算 ··························· 154第二節(jié) 水庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)洪水 ··························· 158一、入庫(kù)洪水計(jì)算 ······························ 159二、調(diào)洪演算推求設(shè)計(jì)洪水位 ··············· 162第三節(jié) 水庫(kù)下游河流設(shè)計(jì)洪水 ··············· 166一、水庫(kù)下泄流量計(jì)算 ························ 166二、區(qū)間設(shè)計(jì)洪水計(jì)算 ························ 166三、工程地點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)洪水計(jì)算 ·················· 166第四節(jié) 壅水河段設(shè)計(jì)洪水 ····················· 168一、水庫(kù)回水計(jì)算 ······························ 168二、橋前壅水計(jì)算 ······························ 171三、冰塞壅水計(jì)算 ······························ 172四、冰壩壅水計(jì)算 ······························ 173第五節(jié) 巖溶地區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)洪水 ····················· 174一、洪水特性分析 ······························ 174二、洪水計(jì)算 ···································· 176第六節(jié) 平原地區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)洪水及內(nèi)澇 ············ 185一、山前平原地區(qū)洪水計(jì)算 ·················· 185二、完全平原地區(qū)洪水計(jì)算 ·················· 187三、平原洼地與圩區(qū)內(nèi)澇計(jì)算 ··············· 187四、分滯洪區(qū)洪水計(jì)算 ························· 190第七節(jié) 潰壩與潰堤洪水 ························ 191一、潰壩洪水分析計(jì)算 ························· 191二、潰堤洪水分析計(jì)算 ························· 196第八節(jié) 設(shè)計(jì)洪水地區(qū)組成 ····················· 199一、同頻率法 ····································· 200二、同倍比法 ····································· 201三、相關(guān)法 ········································ 201四、隨機(jī)模擬法 ·································· 201第九節(jié) 分期設(shè)計(jì)洪水···························· 203一、設(shè)計(jì)洪水分期 ······························· 203二、分期洪水選樣 ······························· 203三、分期洪水計(jì)算 ······························· 203第七章 小流域設(shè)計(jì)暴雨洪水 ·················· 205第一節(jié) 小流域設(shè)計(jì)暴雨參數(shù)計(jì)算 ············ 205一、設(shè)計(jì)降雨量的計(jì)算 ························· 205二、產(chǎn)流歷時(shí)tc 的計(jì)算 ························· 206三、設(shè)計(jì)凈雨深hP 的計(jì)算 ····················· 206四、下滲率 的計(jì)算 ···························· 206第二節(jié) 推理公式法······························· 207一、流域幾何參數(shù) ······························· 207二、適用范圍和計(jì)算方法······················ 207三、設(shè)計(jì)洪水過(guò)程線和洪水總量 ············ 210四、華東地區(qū)特小流域洪水匯流參數(shù)m···· 212五、交通部門(mén)在較小流域洪水計(jì)算中的參數(shù)取值方法 ······························· 215六、交通部門(mén)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式 ························· 215第三節(jié) 林平一法 ·································· 215一、適用范圍和計(jì)算方法······················ 215二、坡地設(shè)計(jì)洪水 ······························· 219第四節(jié) 西北地區(qū)公式法 ························ 219一、適用范圍和計(jì)算方法······················ 219二、設(shè)計(jì)洪水過(guò)程線和洪水總量 ············ 222第五節(jié) 西南地區(qū)公式法 ························ 223一、適用范圍和計(jì)算方法······················ 223二、設(shè)計(jì)洪水過(guò)程線和洪水總量 ············ 223三、特殊條件下流量折減計(jì)算 ··············· 226四、特小流域設(shè)計(jì)洪峰流量計(jì)算 ············ 228第六節(jié) 地區(qū)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式法 ························ 228一、以流域面積為參數(shù)的地區(qū)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式 ··········································· 229二、包含降雨因素的多參數(shù)地區(qū)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式 ··········································· 229第八章 泥沙與河床演變 ·························· 230第一節(jié) 泥沙分析 ·································· 230一、泥沙特性 ···································· 230二、懸移質(zhì) ······································· 232三、推移質(zhì) ······································· 236第二節(jié) 河段穩(wěn)定性分析 ························ 237一、河段穩(wěn)定性分析內(nèi)容 ····················· 237二、河段穩(wěn)定性分析方法 ····················· 238三、河段穩(wěn)定性指標(biāo) ··························· 243四、河相關(guān)系 ···································· 244五、河段穩(wěn)定性判別 ··························· 247六、人類活動(dòng)對(duì)河段穩(wěn)定性的影響 ········· 248第三節(jié) 河床變形計(jì)算 ··························· 249一、一維變形計(jì)算 ······························ 249二、二維變形計(jì)算 ······························ 252三、河床變形極限狀態(tài)估算 ·················· 253四、水庫(kù)淤積 ···································· 254第四節(jié) 河床沖刷計(jì)算 ··························· 256一、天然沖刷分析 ······························ 256二、一般沖刷計(jì)算 ······························ 257三、局部沖刷計(jì)算 ······························ 261第九章 海洋水文 ·······································268第一節(jié) 潮汐 ······································· 268一、潮汐特性與特征潮位統(tǒng)計(jì) ··············· 268二、潮位分析與計(jì)算 ··························· 270三、平均海平面與海圖基準(zhǔn)面 ··············· 277四、野外勘測(cè)中潮位預(yù)報(bào)的幾種簡(jiǎn)易方法 ··········································· 277五、潮汐表的應(yīng)用 ······························ 278六、海圖的應(yīng)用 ································· 278七、潮汐調(diào)和分析 ······························ 279第二節(jié) 海流 ······································· 284一、我國(guó)近岸海流特性 ························ 285二、風(fēng)海流與波浪流 ··························· 287三、潮流類型判別 ······························ 288四、潮流橢圓和余流 ··························· 289五、潮流平均最大流速計(jì)算 ·················· 290六、潮流可能最大流速計(jì)算 ·················· 291七、潮流模型試驗(yàn) ······························ 292第三節(jié) 波浪 ······································· 295一、波浪要素 ···································· 295二、不同累積頻率波高換算 ·················· 298三、設(shè)計(jì)波浪的計(jì)算 ··························· 299四、外海波浪要素計(jì)算 ························ 303五、近岸波浪要素計(jì)算 ························ 308六、波浪爬高和越浪量計(jì)算 ··················· 311七、波浪模型試驗(yàn) ······························ 314第四節(jié) 感潮河口的水文計(jì)算 ·················· 319一、感潮河段劃分······························· 319二、兩向來(lái)水組合計(jì)算 ························ 320三、不穩(wěn)定流計(jì)算······························· 321第五節(jié) 泥沙運(yùn)動(dòng)與岸灘演變 ·················· 322一、泥沙運(yùn)動(dòng)分析······························· 323二、岸灘演變分析······························· 325第六節(jié) 水溫及鹽度 ······························ 329一、水溫資料分析與應(yīng)用 ····················· 329二、鹽度資料分析與應(yīng)用 ····················· 330三、河口鹽水入侵的分析與計(jì)算 ············ 331四、鹽淡水混合過(guò)程中的鹽度擴(kuò)散分析 ··· 332第十章 氣象 ··············································· 334第一節(jié) 氣溫········································ 334一、季節(jié)劃分 ····································· 334二、氣溫統(tǒng)計(jì) ····································· 334第二節(jié) 風(fēng) ··········································· 335一、風(fēng)壓 ··········································· 335二、風(fēng)速 ··········································· 337三、風(fēng)向 ··········································· 343四、國(guó)內(nèi)外標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的異同 ························ 344第三節(jié) 短歷時(shí)暴雨強(qiáng)度 ························ 345一、計(jì)算方法 ····································· 345二、數(shù)據(jù)選取 ····································· 346三、短歷時(shí)暴雨強(qiáng)度計(jì)算 ····················· 346第四節(jié) 冷卻塔氣象 ······························ 352一、數(shù)據(jù)選取 ····································· 352二、統(tǒng)計(jì)方法 ····································· 353第五節(jié) 空冷氣象 ································· 354一、空冷氣象參數(shù)······························· 354二、數(shù)據(jù)選取和修正 ··························· 354三、典型年氣溫·································· 356四、風(fēng)況 ··········································· 356五、高溫大風(fēng) ····································· 356六、逆溫與沙塵暴······························· 357第六節(jié) 風(fēng)力發(fā)電氣象 ··························· 360一、數(shù)據(jù)選取 ····································· 360二、數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證 ····································· 361三、數(shù)據(jù)訂正 ····································· 361四、數(shù)據(jù)處理 ····································· 362五、風(fēng)能資源評(píng)估······························· 363第七節(jié) 太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電氣象 ························ 370一、太陽(yáng)輻射 ····································· 370二、數(shù)據(jù)選取 ····································· 374三、數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證 ····································· 374四、數(shù)據(jù)訂正 ····································· 375五、數(shù)據(jù)處理 ····································· 375六、太陽(yáng)能資源評(píng)估 ··························· 375第八節(jié) 架空輸電線路氣象 ····················· 376一、設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)速 ···································· 376二、設(shè)計(jì)冰厚 ···································· 376第九節(jié) 其他氣象要素 ··························· 380一、氣壓 ·········································· 380二、空氣濕度 ···································· 382三、降水 ·········································· 382四、蒸發(fā) ·········································· 383五、凍土 ·········································· 387六、積雪 ·········································· 387七、太陽(yáng)輻射及日照百分率 ·················· 388八、鹽霧 ·········································· 388九、水溫 ·········································· 388十、氣象干旱指數(shù) ······························ 389十一、天氣日（時(shí)）數(shù) ························ 389附錄 ······························································· 390附錄A 水文氣象要素的單位及取用精度一覽表 ···································· 390附錄B 發(fā)電類工程報(bào)告目錄模板 ············ 392附錄C 輸電線路類工程報(bào)告目錄模板 ······ 394附錄D 變電類工程報(bào)告目錄模板 ············ 395附錄E 新能源類工程報(bào)告目錄模板 ········· 396附錄F 天然河道糙率表 ························ 397附錄G 明代以來(lái)年號(hào)?公元對(duì)照表 ··········· 399附錄H 風(fēng)力等級(jí)表 ······························ 400附錄I 風(fēng)力?風(fēng)速換算表 ······················· 402附錄J 雨凇塔（架）導(dǎo)線覆冰記錄簿 ······ 403附錄K 覆冰觀測(cè)年度報(bào)表 ····················· 405附錄L 伽馬函數(shù)表 ······························ 407附錄M P?Ⅲ型曲線P 值 ······················· 410附錄N P?Ⅲ型曲線KP 值 ······················· 417附錄O 三點(diǎn)法用表S 與CS 關(guān)系表 ······ 427附錄P 三點(diǎn)法用表CS 與有關(guān)P 的關(guān)系表 ···································· 428附錄Q 耿貝爾極值分布λnP 數(shù)值表 ··········· 429附錄R F 分布表 ·································· 431附錄S 相關(guān)系數(shù)檢驗(yàn)表 ························ 440附錄T t 分布表 ··································· 441附錄U 正態(tài)分布概率表 ························ 443附錄V 2 分布表 ································· 445附錄W 土的允許（不沖刷）平均流速 ······ 448附錄X 暴雨衰減指數(shù)n 值分區(qū)表 ············ 451附錄Y 全國(guó)推理公式參數(shù)地區(qū)綜合公式一覽表 ···································· 453附錄Z 損失參數(shù)分區(qū)和系數(shù)（指數(shù)）表 ······························· 457附錄AA 匯流時(shí)間分區(qū)和系數(shù)（指數(shù)）表 ······························ 459附錄AB 交通部門(mén)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式1 各區(qū)系數(shù)（指數(shù)）表 ······························ 461附錄AC 交通部門(mén)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式2 各區(qū)系數(shù)（指數(shù)）表 ······························ 463附錄AD 常見(jiàn)天文分潮一覽表 ················ 465附錄AE 淺水的波高、波速和波長(zhǎng)與相對(duì)水深的關(guān)系表 ··················· 466附錄AF 理想大氣總輻射量查算表 ·········· 474主要量的符號(hào)及其計(jì)量單位 ·······················477參考文獻(xiàn) ························································478