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中文版3ds Max 2014/VRay效果圖制作實(shí)用教程
本書主要講解使用中文版3ds Max和VRay制作室內(nèi)效果圖的方法和技巧, 內(nèi)容包含建模、燈光、攝影機(jī)、材質(zhì)與貼圖、渲染輸出、后期處理及商業(yè)實(shí)訓(xùn)等。本書主要針對(duì)零基礎(chǔ)讀者編寫, 是指導(dǎo)初學(xué)者快速掌握室內(nèi)效果圖制作方法參考書。本書內(nèi)容以各種實(shí)用技術(shù)為主線, 并且對(duì)每個(gè)技術(shù)板塊中的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容都進(jìn)行了介紹, 還針對(duì)常用知識(shí)點(diǎn)安排了合適的課堂案例, 可使讀者快速上手并結(jié)合實(shí)例深入學(xué)習(xí), 在熟悉軟件的同時(shí)掌握制作思路。從第2章開始, 每章后面都有課后習(xí)題, 讀者可以根據(jù)提示邊學(xué)邊練, 也可以配合教學(xué)視頻進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)。
《中文版3ds Max 2014/VRay效果圖制作實(shí)用教程(第2版)》是針對(duì)數(shù)字藝術(shù)教育培訓(xùn)實(shí)際需要,傾力打造的就業(yè)實(shí)戰(zhàn)型全功能培訓(xùn)教材。
《中文版3ds Max 2014/VRay效果圖制作實(shí)用教程(第2版)》集合軟件功能講解、課堂案例、課后習(xí)題和商業(yè)案例實(shí)訓(xùn)等功能于一體。力求通過軟件功能講解,使學(xué)生深入學(xué)習(xí)軟件功能和基本制作技能;通過課堂案例演練,使學(xué)生快速掌握軟件功能和設(shè)計(jì)思路;通過課后習(xí)題,加深學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的掌握,鍛煉學(xué)生的動(dòng)手能力;通過商業(yè)案例實(shí)訓(xùn),提高學(xué)生的商業(yè)案例實(shí)踐水平。
第1章 效果圖制作基礎(chǔ).................11
1.1 概述.......................................................12 1.2 構(gòu)圖.......................................................12 1.3 色彩.......................................................13 1.3.1 色彩的基調(diào)...........................................13 1.3.2 色彩的對(duì)比...........................................13 1.3.3 色彩在室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)中的運(yùn)用...................14 1.4 燈光.......................................................15 1.4.1 物理世界中的光影關(guān)系.......................15 1.4.2 自然光...................................................17 1.4.3 人造光...................................................21 1.4.4 燈光在室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用...................22 1.5 材質(zhì).......................................................24 1.5.1 物體的材質(zhì)屬性...................................24 1.5.2 辦公空間的材質(zhì)...................................25 1.5.3 家居空間的材質(zhì)...................................25 1.5.4 展示空間的材質(zhì)...................................26 1.6 設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格...............................................26 1.6.1 歐式風(fēng)格...............................................27 1.6.2 中式風(fēng)格...............................................27 1.6.3 現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格...............................................28 1.7 根據(jù)場(chǎng)景特性確定渲染氣氛...............29 1.8 效果圖應(yīng)體現(xiàn)出設(shè)計(jì)師的理念...............29 1.9 本章小結(jié)...............................................30 第2章 3ds Max的基本操作...........31 2.1 關(guān)于3ds Max.........................................32 2.2 3ds Max 2014的工作界面....................32 2.2.1 啟動(dòng)3ds Max 2014................................32 2.2.2 3ds Max 2014的工作界面....................34 2.3 標(biāo)題欄...................................................35 2.3.1 應(yīng)用程序...............................................35 2.3.2 快速訪問工具欄...................................39 2.3.3 信息中心...............................................40 課堂案例:用歸檔功能保存場(chǎng)景.................40 2.4 菜單欄...................................................41 2.4.1 關(guān)于菜單欄...........................................41 2.4.2 編輯.......................................................42 2.4.3 工具.......................................................45 2.4.4 組...........................................................48 2.4.5 視圖.......................................................49 2.4.6 創(chuàng)建.......................................................51 2.4.7 修改器...................................................51 2.4.8 動(dòng)畫.......................................................51 2.4.9 圖形編輯器...........................................52 2.4.10 渲染.....................................................52 2.4.11 自定義.................................................52 2.4.12 MAXScript(MAX腳本)菜單.........54 2.4.13 幫助.....................................................54 課堂案例:加載背景圖像.............................54 2.5 主工具欄...............................................55 2.5.1 選擇并鏈接...........................................56 2.5.2 斷開當(dāng)前選擇鏈接...............................56 2.5.3 過濾器...................................................56 課堂案例:用過濾器選擇場(chǎng)景中的燈光.....57 2.5.4 選擇對(duì)象...............................................57 2.5.5 按名稱選擇...........................................58 2.5.6 選擇區(qū)域...............................................59 2.5.7 窗口/交叉..............................................59 2.5.8 選擇并移動(dòng)...........................................59 2.5.9 選擇并旋轉(zhuǎn)...........................................60 2.5.10 選擇并縮放.........................................60 課堂案例:使用選擇并縮放工具調(diào)整花瓶 形狀.................................................................61 2.5.11 參考坐標(biāo)系.........................................61 2.5.12 使用軸點(diǎn)中心.....................................62 2.5.13 選擇并操縱.........................................62 2.5.14 捕捉開關(guān).............................................62 2.5.15 角度捕捉切換.....................................62 課堂案例:用“角度捕捉切換”工具制作掛鐘 刻度.................................................................63 2.5.16 百分比捕捉切換.................................64 2.5.17 微調(diào)器捕捉切換.................................64 2.5.18 編輯命名選擇集.................................64 2.5.19 創(chuàng)建選擇集.........................................65 2.5.20 鏡像.....................................................65 課堂案例:使用“鏡像”工具鏡像椅子...........65 2.5.21 對(duì)齊.....................................................65 2.5.22 材質(zhì)編輯器.........................................66 2.5.23 渲染設(shè)置.............................................67 2.5.24 渲染幀窗口.........................................67 2.5.25 渲染工具.............................................67 2.6 視口區(qū)域...............................................67 2.7 命令面板...............................................68 2.7.1 創(chuàng)建面板...............................................68 2.7.2 修改面板...............................................68 2.7.3 層次面板...............................................69 2.7.4 運(yùn)動(dòng)面板...............................................69 2.7.5 顯示面板...............................................69 2.7.6 實(shí)用程序面板.......................................69 2.8 時(shí)間尺...................................................69 2.9 狀態(tài)欄...................................................70 2.10 時(shí)間控制按鈕.....................................70 2.11 視圖導(dǎo)航控制按鈕.............................70 2.11.1 所有視圖可用控件.............................70 2.11.2 透視圖和正交視圖可用控件.............71 2.11.3 攝影機(jī)視圖可用控件.........................71 2.12 本章小結(jié).............................................72 課后習(xí)題:復(fù)制對(duì)象.....................................72 課后習(xí)題:對(duì)齊對(duì)象.....................................72 第3章 基礎(chǔ)建模技術(shù)....................73 3.1 關(guān)于建模...............................................74 3.1.1 建模思路...............................................74 3.1.2 參數(shù)化對(duì)象與可編輯對(duì)象...................74 3.1.3 建模的常用方法...................................77 3.2 創(chuàng)建標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基本體..................................78 3.2.1 長(zhǎng)方體...................................................79 課堂案例:制作餐桌.....................................79 3.2.2 圓錐體...................................................80 3.2.3 球體.......................................................80 3.2.4 幾何球體...............................................81 3.2.5 圓柱體...................................................82 課堂案例:制作角柜.....................................82 3.2.6 管狀體...................................................84 3.2.7 圓環(huán).......................................................84 3.2.8 四棱錐...................................................84 3.2.9 茶壺.......................................................84 3.2.10 平面.....................................................85 課堂案例:制作水杯.....................................85 3.3 創(chuàng)建擴(kuò)展基本體..................................87 3.3.1 異面體...................................................87 3.3.2 切角長(zhǎng)方體...........................................87 3.3.3 切角圓柱體...........................................88 課堂案例:制作單人沙發(fā).............................88 3.4 創(chuàng)建復(fù)合對(duì)象......................................90 3.4.1 圖形合并...............................................91 3.4.2 布爾.......................................................92 3.4.3 放樣.......................................................92 課堂案例:制作骰子.....................................94 3.5 本章小結(jié)..............................................95 課后習(xí)題:制作凳子.....................................95 課后習(xí)題:制作床頭柜.................................96 第4章 3ds Max的修改器..............97 4.1 關(guān)于修改器..........................................98 4.1.1 修改面板...............................................98 4.1.2 為對(duì)象加載修改器.............................100 4.1.3 修改器的排序.....................................100 4.1.4 啟用與禁用修改器.............................101 4.1.5 編輯修改器.........................................101 4.1.6 塌陷修改器堆棧.................................102 4.2 選擇修改器.........................................103 4.2.1 網(wǎng)格選擇.............................................103 4.2.2 面片選擇.............................................105 4.2.3 多邊形選擇.........................................105 4.3 自由形式變形.....................................105 4.3.1 FFD修改..............................................106 4.3.2 FFD長(zhǎng)方體/圓柱體.............................106 課堂案例:制作枕頭...................................106 4.4 參數(shù)化修改器.....................................107 4.4.1 彎曲.....................................................108 課堂案例:制作水龍頭...............................108 4.4.2 錐化.....................................................109 4.4.3 扭曲.....................................................109 課堂案例:制作裝飾柱...............................110 4.4.4 噪波.....................................................111 4.4.5 拉伸.....................................................112 4.4.6 擠壓.....................................................112 4.4.7 推力.....................................................112 4.4.8 晶格.....................................................112 4.4.9 鏡像.....................................................114 4.4.10 置換...................................................114 課堂案例:游泳池水面.........................115 4.4.11 殼.............................................116 4.5 本章小結(jié).............................................117 課后習(xí)題:調(diào)整螺旋扶梯...........................117 課后習(xí)題:制作床墊...................................118 課后習(xí)題:制作花瓶...................................118 第5章 高級(jí)建模技術(shù)...................119 5.1 樣條線建模........................................120 5.1.1 關(guān)于樣條線.........................................120 5.1.2 線.................................................120 課堂案例:制作扶梯...................................122 5.1.3 文本.....................................................124 課堂案例:制作祝福標(biāo)語...........................125 5.1.4 對(duì)樣條線進(jìn)行編輯.............................125 5.1.5 車削.....................................................130 課堂案例:制作餐具...................................130 5.2 多邊形建模.........................................132 5.2.1 塌陷多邊形對(duì)象.................................132 5.2.2 編輯多邊形對(duì)象.................................132 課堂案例:制作單人沙發(fā)...........................140 課堂案例:制作足球...................................144 5.3 NURBS建模........................................145 5.3.1 NURBS對(duì)象類型................................145 5.3.2 創(chuàng)建NURBS對(duì)象................................146 5.3.3 轉(zhuǎn)換NURBS對(duì)象................................147 5.3.4 編輯NURBS對(duì)象................................147 5.3.5 “創(chuàng)建點(diǎn)/曲線/曲面”卷展欄...........149 5.3.6 NURBS工具箱....................................149 課堂案例:制作玻璃花瓶...........................150 課堂案例:制作床罩...................................151 5.4 創(chuàng)建毛皮.............................................153 5.4.1 VRay渲染器........................................153 5.4.2 VRay毛皮............................................153 課堂案例:制作地毯...................................155 5.5 本章小結(jié).............................................156 課后習(xí)題:制作抱枕...................................156 課后習(xí)題:制作歐式床頭柜.......................157 課后習(xí)題:制作多人沙發(fā)...........................158 第6章 攝影機(jī)技術(shù)......................159 6.1 關(guān)于攝影機(jī).........................................160 6.1.1 攝影機(jī)的重要術(shù)語.............................160 6.1.2 攝影機(jī)的創(chuàng)建.....................................161 6.1.3 安全框.................................................163 6.2 3ds Max中的攝影機(jī).............165 6.2.1 目標(biāo)攝影機(jī) .....................165 課堂案例:使用目標(biāo)攝影機(jī)制作景深...........168 6.2.2 自由攝影機(jī) ......................170 6.3 VR攝影機(jī)...........................170 6.3.1 VR物理攝影機(jī)........................170 課堂案例:測(cè)試縮放因子.......................174 6.3.2 VR穹頂攝影機(jī)............................177 6.4 本章小結(jié)...................................177 課后習(xí)題:使用“VR物理攝影機(jī)”制作景深...........................177 第7章 燈光的應(yīng)用......................179 7.1 關(guān)于燈光..................................180 7.1.1 燈光的作用 ........................180 7.1.2 燈光的基本屬性.................................180 7.1.3 效果圖中的燈光.................................182 7.1.4 三點(diǎn)布光法 .........................182 7.2 光度學(xué)燈光................................183 7.2.1 目標(biāo)燈光...................................183 7.2.2 自由燈光......................................186 課堂案例:簡(jiǎn)約客廳................................ 186 7.3 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)燈光......................................189 7.3.1 目標(biāo)聚光燈 ...............................190 課堂案例:售樓接待中心...................................192 7.3.2 自由聚光燈................................ 194 7.3.3 目標(biāo)平行光 ..............................194 7.3.4 自由平行光 ...................................194 7.3.5 泛光燈.............................................195 7.3.6 天光...........................................195 7.4 VRay光源.......................................195 7.4.1 VRay燈光.........................................195 課堂案例:簡(jiǎn)約臥室 ........................................199 7.4.2 VRay太陽.........................................202 課堂案例:晨光中的臥室....................................204 7.4.3 VRay天空...........................................206 7.5 本章小結(jié)...........................................208 課后習(xí)題:洗手間.................................................208 課后習(xí)題:現(xiàn)代客廳........................................ 209 課后習(xí)題:簡(jiǎn)歐會(huì)議室.......................................210 第8章 材質(zhì)與貼圖技術(shù)...............211 8.1 關(guān)于材質(zhì).........................................212 8.1.1 材質(zhì)的特性 ....................................212 8.1.2 材質(zhì)的設(shè)置................................ 213 8.2 材質(zhì)編輯器..............................213 8.2.1 菜單欄....................................214 8.2.2 材質(zhì)球示例窗....................................216 8.2.3 工具欄...................................217 8.2.4 參數(shù)控制區(qū)........................................ 218 8.3 材質(zhì)資源管理器....................................218 8.3.1 場(chǎng)景面板....................................218 8.3.2 材質(zhì)面板................................220 8.4 3ds Max的材質(zhì)..........................................220 8.4.1 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)............................................221 課堂案例:制作坐墊材質(zhì).........................................226 8.4.2 混合................................................227 8.4.3 Ink'n Paint(墨水)......................................227 8.4.4 多維/子對(duì)象...........................................228 8.5 VRay材質(zhì)...............................................229 8.5.1 VRay燈光材質(zhì)..........................................229 課堂案例:制作裝飾燈管.........................................229 8.5.2 VRayMtl材質(zhì)..................................230 課堂案例:制作地板材質(zhì).........................................235 課堂案例:制作藝術(shù)玻璃........................................236 8.5.3 VRay混合材質(zhì).........................................238 8.5.4 VRay雙面材質(zhì)...........................................238 8.6 3ds Max的貼圖........................................238 8.6.1 位圖..........................................240 8.6.2 漸變.........................................245 8.6.3 平鋪...........................................245 課堂案例:制作地面材質(zhì)............................................247 8.6.4 衰減..........................................248 課堂案例:制作實(shí)木茶幾.......................................248 8.6.5 噪波.......................................249 課堂案例:制作茶水材質(zhì)........................................249 8.6.6 斑點(diǎn)......................................251 8.6.7 潑濺.............................................251 8.7 VRay程序貼圖 .....................................251 8.7.1 VRayHDRI ......................................252 8.7.2 VR位圖過濾器....................................252 8.7.3 VR合成紋理 .......................................252 8.7.4 VR污垢............................................253 8.7.5 VR邊紋理..........................................253 8.7.6 VR顏色.........................................254 8.7.7 VR貼圖.........................................254 8.8 本章小結(jié)................................................255 課后習(xí)題:制作硬質(zhì)塑料材質(zhì).....................................255 課后習(xí)題:制作印花棉布材質(zhì).....................................256 課后習(xí)題:制作亞光不銹鋼材質(zhì)...................................256 第9章 VRay渲染輸出設(shè)置..........257 9.1 關(guān)于渲染..........................................258 9.1.1 渲染器的類型.................................258 9.1.2 渲染工具........................................258 9.2 VRay 渲染器......................................258 9.2.1 V-Ray .............................................259 9.2.2 間接照明............................................268 9.2.3 設(shè)置.............................................277 課堂案例:渲染客廳效果......................................280 9.3 本章小結(jié)..............................................282 課后習(xí)題:渲染洗手間效果.......................................282 第10章 Photoshop后期處理技法..283 10.1 后期處理的作用...............................284 10.2 構(gòu)圖裁剪.....................................284 10.3 亮度與清晰度.........................................285 10.3.1 調(diào)亮方式.......................................285 課堂案例:使用曲線調(diào)整亮度.................................286 10.3.2 提高清晰度...........................................287 課堂案例:調(diào)整清晰度.........................................287 10.4 色彩與層次.........................................288 10.4.1 色彩的處理方法..........................................288 課堂案例:統(tǒng)一畫面色調(diào).....................................290 10.4.2 畫面的層次感.........................................291 課堂案例:調(diào)整圖像的層次感........................................291 10.5 特效制作..........................................292 10.5.1 光暈..............................................292 10.5.2 體積光...........................................295 10.5.3 景深..............................................295 課堂案例:合成體積光......................................296 10.6 添加配景..........................................296 10.6.1 配景簡(jiǎn)介....................................296 10.6.2 添加方法.................................297 課堂案例:添加室外環(huán)境........................................298 10.7 本章小結(jié)........................................299 課后習(xí)題:用“亮度/對(duì)比度”調(diào)整亮度...........................299 課后習(xí)題:用“正片疊底”調(diào)整過亮的圖像....299 課后習(xí)題:為臥室添加戶外環(huán)境....................................300 第11章 商業(yè)案例實(shí)訓(xùn)1——現(xiàn)代風(fēng)格客廳...............................301 11.1 案例介紹..................................302 11.2 模型的建立.................................302 11.2.1 制作結(jié)構(gòu)模型.........................................302 11.2.2 制作家具模型...............................306 11.3 創(chuàng)建攝影機(jī)......................... 310 11.3.1 創(chuàng)建攝影機(jī).......................................310 11.3.2 檢查模型 ..................................311 11.4 主要材質(zhì)................... 313 11.4.1 主體材質(zhì)................................. 313 11.4.2 家具材質(zhì) .................................316 11.4.3 其他特殊材質(zhì)..................................320 11.5 燈光的設(shè)定 ...............................322 11.5.1 設(shè)置物理攝影機(jī)................................322 11.5.2 確定“太陽”的位置 ...................................322 11.5.3 設(shè)置測(cè)試參數(shù)...................................322 11.5.4 燈光的優(yōu)化..........................323 11.6 最終渲染參數(shù)的設(shè)定....................................326 11.7 Photoshop后期處理..................................327 11.8 本章小結(jié).........................................330 課后習(xí)題:簡(jiǎn)約風(fēng)格餐廳......................................330 第12章 商業(yè)案例實(shí)訓(xùn)2——簡(jiǎn)歐風(fēng)格臥室................................331 12.1 案例介紹........................................332 12.2 創(chuàng)建攝影機(jī)及檢查模型............................332 12.2.1 創(chuàng)建攝影機(jī).........................................332 12.2.2 檢查模型................................332 12.3 制作場(chǎng)景中的材質(zhì)..........................................334 12.3.1 天花材質(zhì)................................334 12.3.2 地毯材質(zhì).........................................334 12.3.3 墻面材質(zhì)......................................335 12.3.4 水晶材質(zhì)..................................335 12.3.5 金屬材質(zhì).....................................336 12.3.6 絨布材質(zhì)...............................336 12.3.7 燈罩材質(zhì).......................................336 12.3.8 油畫材質(zhì)......................................337 12.4 布置燈光.........................................337 12.4.1 設(shè)置測(cè)試參數(shù)......................................337 12.4.2 窗戶外景的設(shè)定........................................337 12.4.3 設(shè)置燈光.......................................338 12.5 渲染輸出................................340 12.6 Photoshop后期處理..............................342 12.7 本章小結(jié).................................344 課后習(xí)題:豪華歐式休閑廳...............................344 第13章 商業(yè)案例實(shí)訓(xùn)3——簡(jiǎn)約風(fēng)格辦公室.............................345 13.1 案例介紹.........................................346 13.2 創(chuàng)建攝影機(jī)及檢查模型....................................346 13.2.1 創(chuàng)建攝影機(jī).................................346 13.2.2 檢查模型......................................347 13.3 制作場(chǎng)景中的材質(zhì).........................348 13.3.1 地板材質(zhì)...................................348 13.3.2 大理石材質(zhì).....................................349 13.3.3 木紋材質(zhì).......................................349 13.3.4 皮材質(zhì)................................350 13.3.5 不銹鋼材質(zhì)....................................350 13.3.6 塑料材質(zhì)..................................351 13.4 布置燈光...........................................351 13.4.1 設(shè)置測(cè)試參數(shù)........................................351 13.4.2 窗戶外景的設(shè)定.......................................351 13.4.3 設(shè)置燈光.......................................352 13.5 渲染輸出............................356 13.6 Photoshop后期處理.................................357 13.7 本章小結(jié).........................360 課后習(xí)題:中式風(fēng)格接待室..............................360
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