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本書是為全日制高等院校編寫的教學(xué)用書的下冊。上冊內(nèi)容包括運動與力、熱現(xiàn)象、電與磁、波與粒子四部分, 下冊內(nèi)容包括習(xí)題解答和拓展閱讀兩部分。

第五篇習(xí)題解答

第 1章質(zhì)點運動學(xué) ··················································· 3

1.1要點歸納 ····················································· 3

1.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 4第 2章動量角動量 ················································· 10

2.1要點歸納 ····················································· 10

2.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 11第 3章功和能 ······················································· 19

3.1要點歸納 ····················································· 19

3.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 20第 4章流體力學(xué) ····················································· 25

4.1要點歸納 ····················································· 25

4.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 26第 5章振動 ························································· 30

5.1要點歸納 ····················································· 30

5.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 31第 6章狹義相對論基礎(chǔ) ··············································· 36

6.1要點歸納 ····················································· 36

6.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 37第 7章氣體動理論 ··················································· 41

7.1要點歸納 ····················································· 41

7.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 42第 8章熱力學(xué)基礎(chǔ) ··················································· 50

8.1要點歸納 ····················································· 50

8.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 51第 9章靜電場 ······················································· 60

9.1要點歸納 ····················································· 60

9.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 61

第 10章恒定磁場 ····················································· 77

10.1要點歸納 ····················································· 77

10.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 78

ii目錄

第 11章電磁感應(yīng)與電磁場 ·············································· 90

11.1要點歸納 ····················································· 90

11.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 91第 12章波動 ························································· 99

12.1要點歸納 ····················································· 99

12.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 100第 13章光波 ························································· 107

13.1要點歸納 ····················································· 107

13.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 109第 14章量子物理學(xué)初步 ··············································· 116

14.1要點歸納 ····················································· 116

14.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 117第 15章原子核與基本粒子 ·············································· 124

15.1要點歸納 ····················································· 124

15.2習(xí)題解答 ····················································· 125

第六篇拓展閱讀

拓展 A物理學(xué)與生命科學(xué) ·············································· 129

A.1物理學(xué)與大學(xué)教育 ·············································· 129

A.2生命科學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)物理學(xué)的目的和意義 ························ 130

A.3力學(xué)與生命科學(xué) ················································ 131

A.4熱學(xué)與生命科學(xué) ················································ 133

A.5電磁學(xué)與生命科學(xué) ·············································· 134

A.6光學(xué)與生命科學(xué) ················································ 136

A.7量子力學(xué)與生命科學(xué) ············································ 138拓展 B非線性系統(tǒng)與生命科學(xué) ·········································· 141

B.1混沌 ························································· 141

B.2維數(shù)概念的劃時代突破分維 ··································· 145

B.3混沌與分形的聯(lián)系 ·············································· 147

B.4耗散結(jié)構(gòu) ····················································· 147拓展 C生物電磁效應(yīng) ················································· 149

C.1生物體中的電學(xué)特征 ············································ 149

C.2外電場對生物體的影響 ·········································· 150

C.3生物體中的磁學(xué)特征 ············································ 151拓展 D值得借鑒的思維方法 ············································ 154

D.1認知論 ······················································· 154

D.2類比法的應(yīng)用 ················································· 158

D.3演繹法在相對論中的應(yīng)用 ········································ 159

D.4模型化方法 ··················································· 163

D.5自由思維 ····················································· 166

D.6現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)與經(jīng)典物理學(xué)思維研究方法的差異 ························ 167拓展 E光攝技術(shù) ····················································· 168

E.1光懾原理 ····················································· 168

E.2光懾的構(gòu)造 ··················································· 170

E.3光懾在生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用 ····································· 171拓展 F超離心技術(shù) ··················································· 173拓展 G傅里葉變換紅外光譜儀的原理 ···································· 175拓展 H紅外線與紅外技術(shù) ·············································· 177

H.1紅外線的產(chǎn)生 ················································· 177

H.2紅外線的檢測 ················································· 178

H.3紅外技術(shù) ····················································· 179拓展 I超導(dǎo)體的電磁特性 ·············································· 182

I.1零電阻 ······················································· 182

I.2過斯納效應(yīng) ··················································· 184拓展 J電磁場的相對性 ··············································· 186

J.1在不同參考系測量電場 ·········································· 186

J.2動量和力的變換 ················································ 188

J.3靜止電荷對運動電荷的作用力 ····································· 189

J.4運動電荷對運動電荷的作用力 ····································· 189

J.5電磁場的變換 ················································· 190拓展 K若干專題分析 ················································· 192

K.1行星的運動軌道 ················································ 192

K.2對振動問題的進一步討論 ········································ 194