Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 The Photoelectric Detection at the Single Cell Level1
1.1 Introduction1
1.2 Dielectrophoresis1
1.3 Optical Tweezers 6
1.4 Microfluidics13
1.5 Microelectrodes23
1.6 Conclusions27
References 28
Chapter 2 Development of Multiple Transmission-Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy 32
2.1 Introduction of Infrared Absorption Methodologies for Thin Films32
2.2 Optical Theory 37
2.3 Grazing Angle Mirror-Backed Reflection44
2.4 Multiple Transmission-Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy51
2.5 Orientation Analyses with IR Spectroscopy63
2.6 Summary72
References 73
Chapter 3 Molecular Interactions at Model Cell Membranes Investigated Using Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy 77
3.1 Introduction77
3.2 Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy79
3.3 Interactions Between Model Cell Membranes and Small Drug Molecules80
3.4 Interactions Between Model Cell Membranes and Nanomaterials84
3.5 Interactions Between Model Cell Membranes and Peptides 87
3.6 Interactions of Membrane Associated Proteins 96
3.7 Conclusions and Outlooks101
3.8 Acknowledgement103
References 103 Chapter 4 Microparticle Based Biochips’ Preliminary Subsections107
4.1 Introduction107
4.2 Plain Microparticles 107
4.3 Encoded Microparticles 112
4.4 Microparticles and Chips133
4.5 Instrumentation for Microparticles Analysis143
4.6 Conclusions and Prospective 147
References 148
Chapter 5 Biomedical Applications of Zwitterionic Antifouling Polymers Based Nanoparticles 157
5.1 Introduction157
5.2 Biomedical Applications of Zwitterionic Nanoparticles 158
5.3 Conclusions and Outlooks169
References 170
Chapter 6 Nucleosome Organization Around Transcriptional Sites and Its Role in Gene Regulation174
6.1 Introduction174
6.2 Nucleosome Depletion Upstream of Transcription Start Sites 177
6.3 Nucleosome Occupancy Around Transcriptional Splice Sites180
6.4 Nucleosome Positioning in the Vicinity of Transcription Termination Sites 183
6.5 Nucleosome Occupancy Patterns Around Transcription Factor Binding Sites 186
6.6 Conclusions189
References 189
Chapter 7 Virtual and Augmented Reality in Medical and Biomedical Education 193
7.1 Introduction193
7.2 Reality-Virtuality Continuum 194
7.3 Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Medical and Biomedical Education 194
7.4 Curriculum and User Studies200
7.5 Challenges201
7.6 Conclusions202
7.7 Acknowledgement202
References 202 Chapter 8 Relating Information in EEGs to Neurocognitive Processes205
8.1 The Importance of EEG in Cognitive Neuroscience 205
8.2 Significant Findings in Attention, Language, and Social Cognition216
8.3 Summary218
References 218 Chapter 9 Detection, Processing, and Application of Neural Signals222
9.1 Introduction to the Nervous System 222
9.2 Electrical Properties of Nerves and Propagation of Action Potentials229
9.3 Detection and Recording of Neural Signals239
9.4 Neural Signal Processing and Pattern Recognition 257
9.5 Functional Electrical Stimulation of Nerves 262
9.6 Microelectronic Neural Signal Regeneration269
9.7 Summary277
Chapter 10 Cerebral Glioma Grading Using Bayesian Network with Features Extracted from Multi-modal MRI278
10.1 Introduction278
10.2 Methods 280
10.3 Results286
10.4 Discussion289
10.5 Conclusions291
10.6 Acknowledgement292
References 292
Chapter 11
Histotripsy: Image-guided, Non-invasive Ultrasound Surgery for Cardiovascular and Cancer Therapy294
11.1 Introduction294
11.2 Physics 295
11.3 Image Guidance300
11.4 Congenital Heart Disease Application 302
11.5 Thrombolysis Application308
11.6 Liver Cancer Application314
11.7 Summary and Future Work318
11.8 Acknowledgement319
References 320