中西文學(xué)的對比作為一種重要文學(xué)體裁的小說, 雖然在中西方發(fā)源的時(shí)間層次上略有差異, 但它們發(fā)展的軌跡卻存在著一些相似性。西方小說真正被人們看作一種獨(dú)立的文學(xué)體裁是在中世紀(jì)以后。文藝復(fù)興前后, 隨著城市市民階層的出現(xiàn), 小說創(chuàng)作者們開始將筆觸投向生活在城市中的商人、市民等普通群體, 故此出現(xiàn)了生活氣息濃厚的市民小說。中國小說出現(xiàn)的早期, 雖然被正統(tǒng)文學(xué)者視為“道聽途說”的“末道”, 但由于其反映了一定的社會需要, 其生存環(huán)境雖然不易, 卻也是頑強(qiáng)地存在著。從魏晉時(shí)期的志怪小說, 到宋元話本, 再到明清小說, 中國小說保持了較為穩(wěn)定的延續(xù)。特別是明清時(shí)期社會環(huán)境的變化, 市民階層的出現(xiàn), 為小說的創(chuàng)作環(huán)境帶來了極大的改觀。為了突顯小說的市民屬性, 本文選擇了意大利文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期小說《十日談》和中國明代小說《三言》、《二拍》作為分析對象, 進(jìn)行了比較式的細(xì)讀分析。
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Chapter One Introduction
Introduction
In Story Three of Day Ten of The Decameron , a controversial name is mentioned by Boccaccio.
“It is a very certain thing (if credit may be given to the report of divers Genoese and others who have been in those countries) that there was aforetime in the parts of Cattajo a man of noble lineage and rich beyond compare, called Nathan, who, having an estate adjoining a highway whereby as of necessity passed all who sought to go from the Ponant to the Levant or from the Levant to the Ponant, and being a man of great and generous soul and desirous that it should be known by his works, assembled a great multitude of artificers and let build there, in a little space of time, one of the fairest and greatest and richest palaces that had ever been seen, the which he caused excellently well furnished with all that was apt unto the reception and entertainment of gentlemen.”
(Boccaccio, 2003: 468)