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零基礎(chǔ)趣學(xué)Linux 讀者對(duì)象:Linux開發(fā)工程師,相關(guān)專業(yè)本科生、研究生,行業(yè)從業(yè)人員以及對(duì)編程感興趣的讀者
本書根據(jù)著者多年Linux系統(tǒng)實(shí)戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),以實(shí)用高效為原則,從走進(jìn)Linux的世界、熟練使用Linux、玩轉(zhuǎn)Shell腳本編程、掌握企業(yè)主流Web架構(gòu)、部署常見的企業(yè)服務(wù)5個(gè)方面徐徐展開,詳細(xì)講解了Linux 操作系統(tǒng)的安裝、命令、權(quán)限和軟件管理,數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),防火墻,文本處理,Shell 腳本編程,Web 服務(wù)器架構(gòu)以及常見的企業(yè)服務(wù)等內(nèi)容,全書共23章,每一章都包含大量企業(yè)實(shí)戰(zhàn)演示案例。 本書內(nèi)容源于企業(yè)實(shí)際工作需要,側(cè)重于快速掌握Linux系統(tǒng)操作、提高系統(tǒng)操作效率以及解決在企業(yè)實(shí)戰(zhàn)中常遇到的疑難問(wèn)題,本書配套搭建了專用網(wǎng)站,提供視頻課程、日常答疑、工具與Linux命令速查平臺(tái)、在線實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)等資源和服務(wù),可供Linux開發(fā)工程師、行業(yè)從業(yè)人員和對(duì)編程感興趣的讀者參考,也可作為高等院校相關(guān)專業(yè)教材。
孫亞洲,曾就職于中國(guó)科學(xué)院計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心,擁有6年多的Linux運(yùn)維工作經(jīng)驗(yàn),目前在中科天齊公司擔(dān)任Linux運(yùn)維主管。
目 錄
第一部分 走進(jìn) Linux 世界 第 1 章 Linux 的來(lái)龍去脈··············································································.1 1.1 Linux 簡(jiǎn)介 ·······················································································1 1.2 Linux 內(nèi)核的誕生史與版本號(hào)·······························································3 1.3 “GNU is Not UNIX”··········································································5 1.4 Linux 操作系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)········································································8 1.5 常見的 Linux 發(fā)行版 ··········································································8 第 2 章 VMware Workstation 虛擬機(jī) ·····························································.11 2.1 虛擬機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介···················································································.11 2.2 虛擬機(jī)的運(yùn)行架構(gòu)··········································································.11 2.3 安裝 VMware Workstation 虛擬機(jī)······················································.13 2.4 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的虛擬機(jī)·······································································.15 2.5 虛擬機(jī)的快照、克隆和遷移功能························································.19 第 3 章 初窺門徑之 Linux 操作系統(tǒng)的安裝部署················································.23 3.1 引言····························································································.23 3.2 安裝 CentOS Linux 8 操作系統(tǒng)··························································.23 3.3 CentOS Linux 8 之后我們將何去何從··················································.28 第 4 章 略有小成之 Linux 操作系統(tǒng)初體驗(yàn)······················································.32 4.1 引言····························································································.32 4.2 理解 Shell ·····················································································.32 4.3 命令提示符與語(yǔ)法格式····································································.33 4.4 內(nèi)置命令和外部命令以及命令幫助·····················································.34 4.5 目錄結(jié)構(gòu)詳解················································································.36 4.6 磁盤分區(qū)概念················································································.37 4.7 絕對(duì)路徑與相對(duì)路徑·······································································.39 第二部分 熟練使用 Linux 第 5 章 漸入佳境之務(wù)必掌握的 Linux 命令······················································.40 5.1 系統(tǒng)基本管理、顯示的相關(guān)命令························································.40 5.2 查看文件內(nèi)容相關(guān)命令····································································.53 5.3 創(chuàng)建、移動(dòng)文件目錄相關(guān)命令···························································.58 5.4 復(fù)制、刪除文件目錄相關(guān)命令···························································.62 5.5 文件搜索相關(guān)命令··········································································.63 5.6 打包、壓縮、解壓相關(guān)命令······························································.65 第 6 章 實(shí)戰(zhàn)神器之 Vim 編輯器····································································.70 6.1 Vim 編輯器簡(jiǎn)介·············································································.70 6.2 3 種工作模式·················································································.70 6.3 一些常用的基本操作·······································································.71 6.4 可視化(Visual)模式 ·····································································.74 第 7 章 融會(huì)貫通之用戶和用戶組管理 ···························································.78 7.1 引言····························································································.78 7.2 用戶和用戶組················································································.78 7.3 用戶的添加、刪除與管理命令···························································.83 7.4 用戶組的添加、刪除與管理命令························································.87 第 8 章 登堂入室之文件和文件夾的權(quán)限管理 ··················································.90 8.1 引言····························································································.90 8.2 文件/目錄的權(quán)限與歸屬 ···································································.91 8.3 權(quán)限位·························································································.91 8.4 修改屬主屬組相關(guān)命令····································································.93 8.5 修改文件/目錄權(quán)限相關(guān)命令·····························································.93 第 9 章 駕輕就熟之 Linux 操作系統(tǒng)的軟件管理················································.96 9.1 引言····························································································.96 9.2 Linux 軟件包分類 ···········································································.96 9.3 詳解 RPM 包的使用方式 ··································································.98 9.4 Yum 軟件包管理器 ·········································································103 9.5 DNF 軟件包管理器 ·········································································114 第 10 章 Linux 防火墻的那點(diǎn)事····································································119 10.1 防火墻簡(jiǎn)介 ·················································································119 10.2 Linux 防火墻的工作原理 ································································120 10.3 Linux 防火墻的四表五鏈 ································································121 10.4 Iptables 管理工具 ·········································································125 10.5 Firewalld 管理工具 ·······································································132 第三部分 玩轉(zhuǎn) Shell 編程 第 11 章 Linux 文本處理“三劍客”······························································145 11.1 引言···························································································145 11.2 正則表達(dá)式 ·················································································145 11.3 grep —— 查找和篩選····································································147 11.4 sed —— 取行和替換 ·····································································149 11.5 awk —— 取列和數(shù)據(jù)分析 ······························································153 第 12 章 Linux Shell 腳本編程零基礎(chǔ)閃電上手 ················································158 12.1 引言···························································································158 12.2 初識(shí) Shell 腳本·············································································158 12.3 Shell 變量與作用域 ·······································································161 12.4 Shell 命令行參數(shù)與特殊變量 ···························································170 12.5 Shell 字符串·················································································174 12.6 Shell 數(shù)組····················································································180 12.7 Shell 數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算··············································································184 12.8 Shell 常用命令··············································································190 12.9 Shell 流程控制··············································································192 第 13 章 定時(shí)任務(wù)·····················································································221 13.1 定時(shí)任務(wù)簡(jiǎn)介 ··············································································221 13.2 用戶級(jí)別的定時(shí)任務(wù)(命令) ·························································221 13.3 系統(tǒng)級(jí)別的定時(shí)任務(wù)(配置文件) ···················································225 第 14 章 Web 服務(wù)器架構(gòu)系列之 Nginx ·························································228 14.1 引言···························································································228 14.2 理論知識(shí)準(zhǔn)備 ··············································································230 14.3 Nginx 的兩種部署方式 ···································································233 14.4 Nginx 配置文件的整體結(jié)構(gòu) ·····························································240 14.5 Nginx 配置文件的每行含義 ·····························································242 14.6 Nginx 配置文件的虛擬主機(jī) ·····························································245 14.7 Nginx 配置文件的 location 語(yǔ)法規(guī)則··················································249 14.8 Nginx 反向代理 ············································································255 14.9 Nginx 正向代理 ············································································262 14.10 Nginx 負(fù)載均衡···········································································265 14.11 Nginx 平滑升級(jí)(熱部署)····························································272 第 15 章 Web 服務(wù)器架構(gòu)系列之 Apache ·······················································279 15.1 引言···························································································279 15.2 HTTP 請(qǐng)求過(guò)程與報(bào)文結(jié)構(gòu) ·····························································280 15.3 Apache 的兩種安裝方式 ·································································284 15.4 Apache 的 3 種工作模型 ·································································290 15.5 Apache 配置文件解析 ····································································295 15.6 Apache 虛擬主機(jī)···········································································299 第 16 章 Web 服務(wù)器架構(gòu)系列之 PHP···························································304 16.1 PHP 簡(jiǎn)介 ····················································································304 16.2 Module 模式(Apache) ·································································305 16.3 FastCGI 模式(Nginx)··································································311 16.4 PHP 相關(guān)配置文件(FastCGI)························································316 第 17 章 Web 服務(wù)器架構(gòu)系列之 Tomcat ·······················································322 17.1 Tomcat 簡(jiǎn)介·················································································322 17.2 Tomcat 架構(gòu)剖析···········································································322 17.3 Tomcat 的二進(jìn)制包安裝方式 ···························································325 17.4 目錄結(jié)構(gòu)和主配置文件 ··································································328 第 18 章 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系列之 MySQL 與 MariaDB····················································332 18.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的世界 ··············································································332 18.2 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與類型 ··································································335 18.3 MySQL 和 MariaDB 的兩種安裝方式·················································337 18.4 主配置文件 ·················································································348 18.5 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的存儲(chǔ)引擎與數(shù)據(jù)類型 ·························································350 18.6 SQL 語(yǔ)句命令分類和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則·························································354 18.7 SQL 語(yǔ)句對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的基本操作·························································356 18.8 SQL 語(yǔ)句對(duì)表的基本操作·······························································361 18.9 SQL 語(yǔ)句對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的基本操作····························································373 18.10 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的用戶管理·······································································386 18.11 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的備份與恢復(fù)····································································396 第 19 章 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系列之 Redis ······································································404 19.1 Redis 簡(jiǎn)介···················································································404 19.2 Redis 的兩種部署方式····································································406 19.3 Redis 的基本操作命令····································································411 第 20 章 使用 LNMP 架構(gòu)搭建 DzzOffice 網(wǎng)盤 ················································422 20.1 LNMP 架構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)介 ···········································································422 20.2 搭建過(guò)程 ····················································································423 第五部分 部署常見的企業(yè)服務(wù) 第 21 章 常見的企業(yè)服務(wù)系列之 FTP ····························································431 21.1 FTP 工作原理···············································································431 21.2 FTP 服務(wù)的安裝部署 ·····································································433 第 22 章 常見的企業(yè)服務(wù)系列之 DNS····························································439 22.1 DNS 工作原理··············································································439 22.2 DNS 服務(wù)的安裝部署·····································································443 第 23 章 常見的企業(yè)服務(wù)系列之 DHCP··························································449 23.1 DHCP 工作原理············································································449 23.2 DHCP 服務(wù)的安裝部署···································································452
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