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農(nóng)藥獸藥多組分殘留質(zhì)譜分析技術(shù):第2卷.獸藥 讀者對(duì)象:本書可供從事食品安全、農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)及農(nóng)藥開發(fā)利用等技術(shù)研究與應(yīng)用的技術(shù)人員參考,也可作為大學(xué)教學(xué)參考用書。
本書是《農(nóng)藥獸藥多組分殘留質(zhì)譜分析技術(shù)》的第2卷獸藥篇,介紹了65項(xiàng)適用于動(dòng)物組織(肌肉、肝臟、腎臟和脂肪)、乳制品(牛奶和奶粉)、蜂產(chǎn)品(蜂蜜、蜂王漿及凍干粉)、水產(chǎn)品(河豚魚、鰻魚和烤鰻)及動(dòng)物尿液中20類獸藥殘留LC-MS/MS分析方法。方法靈敏度和準(zhǔn)確度高,可滿足歐盟、日本、國際食品法典委員會(huì)(CAC)和美國等限量要求。各章按獸藥類別,分別介紹了磺胺類、β-受體激動(dòng)劑類、氨基糖苷類、氯霉素類、β-內(nèi)酰胺類、大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類和林可胺類、硝基呋喃類代謝物、甾體類同化激素、非甾類同化激素類、糖皮質(zhì)激素類、氟喹諾酮類、四環(huán)素類、鎮(zhèn)靜劑類、吡唑酮類、喹 啉類、硝基咪唑類、苯并咪唑類、咪唑并噻唑類、硫脲嘧啶類、聚醚類等20類獸藥的前處理技術(shù)和測定方法,并介紹了獸藥的理化性質(zhì)、代謝和毒理及最大殘留限量等。
本書可供從事食品安全、農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù)及農(nóng)藥開發(fā)利用等技術(shù)研究與應(yīng)用的技術(shù)人員參考,也可作為大學(xué)教學(xué)參考用書。
龐國芳,中國檢驗(yàn)檢疫科學(xué)研究院,研究員,中國工程院院士,國家質(zhì)檢總局首席研究員、國際公職化學(xué)家聯(lián)合會(huì)(AOAC)專家,國際AOAC 2014年度 Harvey W. Wiley 獎(jiǎng)獲得者。近30年一直工作在食品檢驗(yàn)檢疫一線,致力于食品科學(xué)檢測技術(shù)理論與實(shí)踐的研究,解決了我國相關(guān)出口食品、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品等遭遇的技術(shù)瓶頸,為推動(dòng)我國對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展做出了杰出貢獻(xiàn)。研究制定了141項(xiàng)國際、國家檢測技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在國內(nèi)、國際出版食品安全檢測技術(shù)論著10部。發(fā)表論文100余篇,35篇被SCI收錄。3次榮獲國家科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步二等獎(jiǎng),6次榮獲國際AOAC組織頒發(fā)的科學(xué)技術(shù)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
Main Researchers/Editors xxvii
Preface xxix Brief Introduction xxxi 1. Sulfonamides 1 1.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Sulfonamides 1 1.2 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Sulfonamide Drugs 2 1.3 Determination of 16 Sulfonamide Residues in Livestock and Poultry Muscles—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20759-2006) 8 1.3.1 Scope 8 1.3.2 Principle 8 1.3.3 Reagents and Materials 8 1.3.4 Apparatus 9 1.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 9 1.3.6 Determination 9 1.3.7 Precision 10 1.3.8 Recovery 12 Researchers 12 Further Reading 16 1.4 Determination of 16 Sulfonamide Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22966-2008) 16 1.4.1 Scope 16 1.4.2 Principle 16 1.4.3 Reagents and Materials 17 1.4.4 Apparatus 17 1.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 18 1.4.6 Determination 18 1.4.7 Precision 19 1.4.8 Recovery 28 Researchers 28 1.5 Determination of 18 Sulfonamide Residues in Fugu and Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22951-2008) 29 1.5.1 Scope 29 1.5.2 Principle 29 1.5.3 Reagents and Materials 29 1.5.4 Apparatus 30 1.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 31 1.5.6 Determination 31 1.5.7 Precision 35 1.5.8 Recovery 36 Researchers 40 1.6 Determination of 8 Sulfonamides residues in Honey—LC-FLD Method (GB/T 18932.5-2002) 41 1.6.1 Scope 41 1.6.2 Principle 41 1.6.3 Reagents and Materials 41 1.6.4 Apparatus 42 1.6.5 Sample Pretreatment 42 1.6.6 Determination 43 1.6.7 Precision 43 1.6.8 Recovery 46 Researchers 47 Further Reading 47 1.7 Determination of 16 Sulfonamide Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 18932.17-2003) 47 1.7.1 Scope 47 1.7.2 Principle 47 1.7.3 Reagents and Materials 48 1.7.4 Apparatus 48 1.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 48 1.7.6 Determination 49 1.7.7 Precision 52 1.7.8 Recovery 52 Researchers 55 Further Reading 55 1.8 Determination of 18 Sulfonamide Residues in Royal Jelly—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22947-2008) 56 1.8.1 Scope 56 1.8.2 Principle 56 1.8.3 Reagents and Materials 56 1.8.4 Apparatus 57 1.8.5 Sample Pretreatment 58 1.8.6 Determination 58 1.8.7 Precision 62 1.8.8 Recovery 64 Researchers 66 2. β-Adrenoceptor Agonists 67 2.1 Determination of 12 β-Agonist Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22965-2008) 67 2.1.1 Scope 67 2.1.2 Principle 67 2.1.3 Reagents and Materials 68 2.1.4 Apparatus 69 2.1.5 Sample Pretreatment 69 2.1.6 Determination 70 2.1.7 Precision 76 2.1.8 Recovery 76 Researchers 78 Further Reading 78 2.2 Determination of 12 β-Agonist Residues in Fugu, Eel,and Baked Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22950-2008) 81 2.2.1 Scope 81 2.2.2 Principle 81 2.2.3 Reagents and Materials 81 2.2.4 Apparatus 82 2.2.5 Sample Pretreatment 83 2.2.6 Determination 84 2.2.7 Precision 85 2.2.8 Recovery 85 Researchers 85 Further Reading 88 3. Aminoglycoside 91 3.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Streptomycin 91 3.2 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Streptomycin and Dihydrostreptomycin 92 3.3 Determination of Streptomycin Residues in Honey—LC-FLD (GB/T 18932.3-2002) 93 3.3.1 Scope 93 3.3.2 Principle 93 3.3.3 Reagents and Materials 93 3.3.4 Apparatus 94 3.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 95 3.3.6 Determination 95 3.3.7 Precision 97 3.3.8 Recovery 97 Researchers 97 Further Reading 97 3.4 Determination of Streptomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin,and Kanamycin Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22969-2008) 98 3.4.1 Scope 98 3.4.2 Principle 98 3.4.3 Reagents and Materials 98 3.4.4 Apparatus 99 3.4.5 Preparation and Storage of Test Sample 100 3.4.6 Determination 101 3.4.7 Precision 104 3.4.8 Recovery 104 Researchers 105 3.5 Determination of Streptomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin, and Kanamycin Residues in Fugu and Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22954-2008) 105 3.5.1 Scope 105 3.5.2 Principle 106 3.5.3 Reagents and Materials 106 3.5.4 Apparatus 107 3.5.5 Sample pretreatment 107 3.5.6 Determination 108 3.5.7 Precision 109 3.5.8 Recovery 110 Researchers 110 3.6 Determination of Streptomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin, and Kanamycin Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22995-2008) 111 3.6.1 Scope 111 3.6.2 Principle 111 3.6.3 Reagents and Materials 111 3.6.4 Apparatus 112 3.6.5 Sample pretreatment 112 3.6.6 Determination 113 3.6.7 Precision 114 3.6.8 Recovery 115 Researchers 115 3.7 Determination of Streptomycin, Dihydrostreptomycin, and Kanamycin Residues in Royal Jelly—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22945-2008) 116 3.7.1 Scope 116 3.7.2 Principle 116 3.7.3 Reagents and Materials 116 3.7.4 Apparatus 117 3.7.5 Sample pretreatment 118 3.7.6 Determination 118 3.7.7 Precision 119 3.7.8 Recovery 120 Researchers 121 4. Chloramphenicol 123 4.1 Curative Effect and Side Effects of Chloramphenicol 123 4.2 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, and Florfenicol 123 4.3 Determination of Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, and Florfenicol Residues in Edible Animal Muscles, Liver, and Aquatic Products—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20756-2006) 125 4.3.1 Scope 125 4.3.2 Principle 125 4.3.3 Reagents and Materials 125 4.3.4 Apparatus 126 4.3.5 Sample pretreatment 126 4.3.6 Determination 127 4.3.7 Precision 128 4.3.8 Recovery 130 Researchers 131 Further Reading 131 4.4 Determination of Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, and Florfenicol Residues in Fugu, Eel, and Baked Eel—LC-MS-MSMethod (GB/T 22959-2008) 132 4.4.1 Scope 132 4.4.2 Principle 132 4.4.3 Reagents 132 4.4.4 Apparatus 133 4.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 134 4.4.6 Determination 135 4.4.7 Precision 137 4.4.8 Recovery 138 Researchers 138 5. β-Lactams 143 5.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Penicillins 143 5.2 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Penicillins 143 5.3 Determination of Nine Penicillin Residues in Livestock and Poultry Muscles — LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20755-2006) 147 5.3.1 Scope 147 5.3.2 Principle 147 5.3.3 Reagents and Materials 147 5.3.4 Apparatus 148 5.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 148 5.3.6 Determination 148 5.3.7 Precision 149 5.3.8 Recovery 152 Researchers 154 Further Reading 154 5.4 Determination of Nine Penicillin Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22975-2008) 154 5.4.1 Scope 154 5.4.2 Principle 154 5.4.3 Reagents and Materials 155 5.4.4 Apparatus and Equipment 155 5.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 156 5.4.6 Determination 156 5.4.7 Precision 159 5.4.8 Recovery 161 Researchers 162 5.5 Determination of Nine Penicillin Residues in Fugu and Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22952-2008) 163 5.5.1 Scope 163 5.5.2 Principle 163 5.5.3 Reagents and Materials 163 5.5.4 Apparatus 164 5.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 164 5.5.6 Determination 165 5.5.7 Precision 168 5.5.8 Recovery 170 Researchers 170 5.6 Method for the Determination of Six Penicillin Residues in Honey — LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 18932.25-2005) 171 5.6.1 Scope 171 5.6.2 Principle 171 5.6.3 Reagents and Materials 171 5.6.4 Apparatus 171 5.6.5 Sample Pretreatment 172 5.6.6 Determination 172 5.6.7 Precision 175 5.6.8 Recovery 177 Researchers 177 Further Reading 177 5.7 Determination of Cefapirin, Cephalexin, Cefalonium,Cefquinome Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22989-2008) 177 5.7.1 Scope 177 5.7.2 Principle 178 5.7.3 Reagents and Materials 178 5.7.4 Apparatus 179 5.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 179 5.7.6 Determination 180 5.7.7 Precision 182 5.7.8 Recovery 182 Researchers 184 5.8 Determination of Cefazolin, Cefapirin, Cephalexin,Cefalonium, Cefquinome Residues in Fugu and Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22960-2008) 184 5.8.1 Scope 184 5.8.2 Principle 184 5.8.3 Reagents and Materials 184 5.8.4 Apparatus 185 5.8.5 Sample Pretreatment 185 5.8.6 Determination 186 5.8.7 Precision 187 5.8.8 Recovery 189 Researchers 189 5.9 Determination of Cefazolin, Cephapirin, Cephalexin,Cefalonium, Cefquinome Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22942-2008) 189 5.9.1 Scope 189 5.9.2 Principle 190 5.9.3 Reagents and Materials 190 5.9.4 Apparatus 190 5.9.5 Sample Pretreatment 191 5.9.6 Determination 191 5.9.7 Precision 192 5.9.8 Recovery 194 Researchers 194 6. Macrolides 195 6.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Avermectins 195 6.2 The Kinetics of Avermectins: Disposition and Metabolism 196 6.3 Maximum Residue Limits for Avermectins 196 6.4 Determination of Avermectin Residues in Bovine Liver and Muscles—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20748-2006) 198 6.4.1 Scope 198 6.4.2 Principle 198 6.4.3 Reagents and Materials 198 6.4.4 Apparatus 199 6.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 199 6.4.6 Determination 199 6.4.7 Precision 201 6.4.8 Recovery 202 Researchers 203 Further Reading 204 6.5 Curative Effect and Side Effects of Lincomycin,Oleandomycin, Erythromycin, Tilmicosin, Tylosin, Clindamycin, Spiramycin, Kitasamycin and Josamycin 204 6.6 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Lincomycin, Oleandomycin, Erythromycin, Tilmicosin, Tylosin, Clindamycin, Spiramycin, Kitasamycin, and Josamycin 205 6.7 Determination of 9 Macroide and Lincosamide Residues in Livestock and Poultry Muscles—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20762-2006) 209 6.7.1 Scope 209 6.7.2 Principle 209 6.7.3 Reagents and Materials 209 6.7.4 Apparatus 210 6.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 210 6.7.6 Determination 211 6.7.7 Precision 213 6.7.8 Recovery 215 Researchers 217 Further Reading 217 6.8 Determination of Ivermectin, Abamectin, Doramectin,and Eprinomectin Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22968-2008) 217 6.8.1 Scope 217 6.8.2 Principle 217 6.8.3 Reagents and Materials 218 6.8.4 Apparatus 218 6.8.5 Sample Pretreatment 219 6.8.6 Determination 219 6.8.7 Precision 222 6.8.8 Recovery 223 Researchers 223 6.9 Determination of Ivermectin, Abamectin, Doramectin,and Eprinomectin Residues in Fugu, Eel, and Baked Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22953-2008) 225 6.9.1 Scope 225 6.9.2 Principle 225 6.9.3 Reagents and Materials 225 6.9.4 Apparatus 226 6.9.5 Sample Pretreatment 226 6.9.6 Determination 227 6.9.7 Precision 228 6.9.8 Recovery 230 Researchers 232 6.10 Determination of Spiramycin, Pirlimycin,Oleandomycin,Tilmicosin,Erythromycin,and Tylosin Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22988-2008) 232 6.10.1 Scope 232 6.10.2 Principle 232 6.10.3 Reagents and Materials 232 6.10.4 Apparatus 233 6.10.5 Sample Preparation 233 6.10.6 Determination 234 6.10.7 Precision 236 6.10.8 Recovery 237 Researchers 238 6.11 Determination of Lincomycin, Oleandomycin, Erythromycin,Tilmicosin, Tylosin, Spiramycin, Kitasamycin, and Josamycin Residues in Fugu and Eel—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22964-2008) 240 6.11.1 Scope 240 6.11.2 Principle 240 6.11.3 Reagents and Materials 240 6.11.4 Apparatus 242 6.11.5 Sample Pretreatment 242 6.11.6 Determination 243 6.11.7 Precision 247 6.11.8 Recovery 248 Researchers 249 6.12 Determination of Lincomycin, Erythromycin, Spiramycin,Tilmicosin, Tylosin, Josamycin, Kitasamycin, Oleandomycin Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22941-2008) 249 6.12.1 Scope 249 6.12.2 Principle 250 6.12.3 Reagents and Materials 250 6.12.4 Apparatus 251 6.12.5 Sample Pretreatment 251 6.12.6 Determination 252 6.12.7 Precision 254 6.12.8 Recovery 255 6.13 Determination of Lincomycin, Erythromycin, Tilmicosin,Tylosin, Spiramycin, Clindamycin, Kitasamycin, and Josamycin Residues in Royal Jelly and Lyophilized Royal Jelly Powder—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22946-2008) 257 6.13.1 Scope 257 6.13.2 Principle 257 6.13.3 Reagents and Materials 257 6.13.4 Apparatus 258 6.13.5 Sample Pretreatmen 258 6.13.6 Determination 260 6.13.7 Precision 261 6.13.8 Recovery 263 Researchers 264 7. Nitrofurans 265 7.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Nitrofurans 265 7.2 Pharmacokinetics of Nitrofurans 265 7.3 Determination of Residues of the Metabolites of Nitrofurans in Pork, Beef, Chicken, Porcine Liver, and Aquatic Products—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20752-2006) 267 7.3.1 Scope 267 7.3.2 Principle 268 7.3.3 Reagents and Materials 268 7.3.4 Apparatus 269 7.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 269 7.3.6 Determination 270 7.3.7 Precision 273 7.3.8 Recovery 273 Researchers 275 Further Reading 275 7.4 Determination for the Residues of Furaltadon,Nitrofurazone, Nitrofurantoin, and Furazolidone Metabolites in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22987-2008) 275 7.4.1 Scope 275 7.4.2 Principle 275 7.4.3 Reagents and Materials 276 7.4.4 Apparatus 277 7.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 277 7.4.6 Determination 278 7.4.7 Precision 280 7.4.8 Recovery 280 Researchers 281 7.5 Determination of Residues of the Metabolites of Furaltadone,Nitrofurazone, Nitrofurantoin, and Furazolidone in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 18932.24-2005) 281 7.5.1 Scope 281 7.5.2 Principle 282 7.5.3 Apparatus 282 7.5.4 Reagents and Materials 282 7.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 283 7.5.6 Determination 283 7.5.7 Precision 286 7.5.8 Recovery 287 Researchers 288 Further Reading 288 8. Anabolic Steroids 289 8.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Trenbolone 289 8.2 Metabolites of Trenbolone 289 8.3 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for α-Trenbolone and β-Trenbolone 290 8.4 Determination of α-Trenbolone, β-Trenbolone Residues in Bovine Muscle, Liver, and Kidney—LC-UV and LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20760-2006) 291 8.4.1 Scope 291 8.4.2 Principle 292 8.4.3 Reagents and Materials 292 8.4.4 Apparatus 292 8.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 292 8.4.6 Determination 293 8.4.7 Precision 296 8.4.8 Recovery 296 Researchers 298 Further Reading 298 8.5 Curative Effects and Side Effects of α-Trenbolone, β-Trenbolone, Nortestosterone and Epi-Nortestosterone 298 8.6 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for α-Trenbolone, β-Trenbolone, Nortestosterone, and Epi-Nortestosterone 299 8.7 Determination of α-Trenbolone, β-Trenbolone,Nortestosterone and Epi-Nortestosterone Residues in Bovine Urine—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20761-2006) 299 8.7.1 Scope 299 8.7.2 Principle 299 8.7.3 Reagents and Materials 301 8.7.4 Apparatus 301 8.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 301 8.7.6 Determination 302 8.7.7 Precision 303 8.7.8 Recovery 304 Researchers 305 Further Reading 305 8.8 Determination of Melengestrol Acetate, Chlormadinone Acetate, and Megestrol Acetate Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—HPLC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22973-2008) 305 8.8.1 Scope 305 8.8.2 Principle 305 8.8.3 Reagents and Materials 306 8.8.4 Apparatus 307 8.8.5 Sample Pretreatment 307 8.8.6 Determination 308 8.8.7 Precision 309 8.8.8 Recovery 312 Researchers 312 8.9 Determination of α-Trenbolone, β-Trenbolone,Nortestosterone, and Epi-Nortestosterone Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22976-2008) 312 8.9.1 Scope 312 8.9.2 Principle 313 8.9.3 Reagents and Materials 314 8.9.4 Apparatus 314 8.9.5 Sample Pretreatment 315 8.9.6 Determination 316 8.9.7 Precision 317 8.9.8 Recovery 319 Researchers 320 8.10 Determination of Testosterone, Epi-Testosterone and Progesterone Residues in Bovine Liver and Muscle—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20758-2006) 321 8.10.1 Scope 321 8.10.2 Principle 321 8.10.3 Reagents and Materials 321 8.10.4 Apparatus 322 8.10.5 Sample Pretreatment 322 8.10.6 Determination 323 8.10.7 Precision 326 8.10.8 Recovery 327 Researchers 328 Further Reading 328 8.11 Method for the Determination of Melengestrol Acetate,Chlormadinone Acetate, and Megestrol Acetate Residues in Bovine and Porcine Fat—LC-UV(GB/T 20753-2006) 328 8.11.1 Scope 328 8.11.2 Principle 328 8.11.3 Reagents and Materials 328 8.11.4 Apparatus 329 8.11.5 Sample Pretreatment 330 8.11.6 Determination 331 8.11.7 Precision 331 8.11.8 Recovery 333 Researchers 333 9. Inanabolic Steroids 335 9.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Zeranol, Zearalanone, Diethylstilbestrol, Hexestrol, and Dienoestrol 335 9.2 The Metabolite of Zeranol, Zearalanone, Diethylstilbestrol, Hexestrol, and Dienoestrol 336 9.3 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Zeranol, Zearalanone, Diethylstilbestrol, Hexestrol, and Dienoestrol 336 9.4 Determination of Zearalanol, Zearalanone, Diethylstilbestrol,Hexestrol, and Dienoestrol Multiresidues in Bovine and Equine Liver, Kidney, and Muscle—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 20766-2006) 339 9.4.1 Scope 339 9.4.2 Principle 339 9.4.3 Reagents and Materials 339 9.4.4 Apparatus 340 9.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 340 9.4.6 Determination 341 9.4.7 Precision 343 9.4.8 Recovery 343 Researchers 344 Further Reading 344 9.5 Determination of Zearalanol, Diethylstilbestrol,Hexestrol and Dienoestrol Multiresidues in Bovine Urine—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20767-2006) 345 9.5.1 Scope 345 9.5.2 Principle 345 9.5.3 Reagents and Materials 345 9.5.4 Apparatus 346 9.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 346 9.5.6 Determination 347 9.5.7 Precision 348 9.5.8 Recovery 349 Researchers 349 Further Reading 350 9.6 Determination of Zearalanol, Zearalanone, Diethylstilbestrol,Hexestrol, and Dienoestrol Multiresidues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22992-2008) 350 9.6.1 Scope 350 9.6.2 Principle 350 9.6.3 Reagents and Materials 350 9.6.4 Apparatus 351 9.6.5 Sample Pretreatment 352 9.6.6 Determination 353 9.6.7 Precision 353 9.6.8 Recovery 356 Researchers 357 9.7 Determination of Zearalanol, Zearalanone,Diethylstilbestrol, Hexestrol, and Dienoestrol Residues in Fugu, Eel, and Baked Eel—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22963-2008) 358 9.7.1 Scope 358 9.7.2 Principle 358 9.7.3 Reagents and Materials 358 9.7.4 Apparatus 359 9.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 360 9.7.6 Determination 361 9.7.7 Precision 362 9.7.8 Recovery 362 Researchers 363 10. Glucocorticoid 365 10.1 Determination of Nine Glucocorticoid Residues in Fugu, Eel, and Baked Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22957-2008) 365 10.1.1 Scope 365 10.1.2 Principle 365 10.1.3 Reagents and Materials 365 10.1.4 Apparatus 366 10.1.5 Sample Pretreatment 367 10.1.6 Determination 367 10.1.7 Precision 369 10.1.8 Recovery 371 Researchers 371 11. Fluoroquinolone 375 11.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Quinolones 375 11.2 Pharmacokinetics of Quinolones 376 11.3 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Quinolones 376 11.4 Determination of 15 Quinolone Residues in Eel and Eel Products—LC-MS-MS Method 376 11.4.1 Scope 376 11.4.2 Principle 380 11.4.3 Reagents and Materials 380 11.4.4 Apparatus 380 11.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 380 11.4.6 Determination 381 11.4.7 Precision 384 11.4.8 Recovery 385 Researchers 385 References 391 11.5 Determination of Enrofloxacin, Danofloxacin,Ciprofloxacin, Sarafloxacin, Orbifloxacin, Difloxacin, and Marbofloxacin in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22985-2008) 391 11.5.1 Scope 391 11.5.2 Principle 392 11.5.3 Reagents and Materials 392 11.5.4 Apparatus 393 11.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 393 11.5.6 Determination 394 11.5.7 Precision 395 11.5.8 Recovery 399 Researchers 400 11.6 Method for the Determination of 14 Quinolone Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20757-2006) 401 11.6.1 Scope 401 11.6.2 Principle 401 11.6.3 Reagents and Materials 401 11.6.4 Apparatus 402 11.6.5 Sample Pretreatment 402 11.6.6 Determination 403 11.6.7 Precision 404 11.6.8 Recovery 406 Researchers 410 12. Tetracyclines 411 12.1 Curative Effect and Side Effects 411 12.2 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Tetracyclines 411 12.3 Determination of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline,Chlortetracycline, and Doxycycline Residues in Edible Animal Muscles—LC-UV Method (GB/T 20764-2006) 413 12.3.1 Scope 413 12.3.2 Principle 413 12.3.3 Reagents and Materials 413 12.3.4 Apparatus 414 12.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 414 12.3.6 Determination 415 12.3.7 Precision 415 12.3.8 Recovery 417 Researchers 418 Further Reading 418 12.4 Determination of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline,Chlortetracycline, and Doxycycline Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—HPLC-UV Method (GB/T 22990-2008) 418 12.4.1 Scope 418 12.4.2 Principle 418 12.4.3 Reagents and Materials 419 12.4.4 Apparatus 419 12.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 420 12.4.6 Determination 420 12.4.7 Precision 421 12.4.8 Recovery 423 Researchers 424 12.5 Determination of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline,Chlortetracycline, and Doxycycline Residues in Fugu and Eel—HPLC-UV Method (GB/T 22961-2008) 424 12.5.1 Scope 424 12.5.2 Principle 424 12.5.3 Reagents and Materials 424 12.5.4 Apparatus 425 12.5.5 Sample pretreatment 426 12.5.6 Determination 427 12.5.7 Precision 427 12.5.8 Recovery 429 Researchers 429 12.6 Determination of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline,Chlortetracycline, and Doxycycline Residues in Honey—LC-UV Method (GB/T 18932.4-2002) 430 12.6.1 Scope 430 12.6.2 Principle 430 12.6.3 Reagents and Materials 430 12.6.4 Apparatus 431 12.6.5 Sample Pretreatment 431 12.6.6 Determination 432 12.6.7 Precision 432 12.6.8 Recovery 434 Researchers 434 Further Reading 434 12.7 Determination of Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline,Chlortetracycline, and Doxycycline Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 18932.23-2003) 435 12.7.1 Scope 435 12.7.2 Principles 435 12.7.3 Reagents and Materials 435 12.7.4 Apparatus 436 12.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 436 12.7.6 Determination 437 12.7.7 Precision 439 12.7.8 Recovery 439 Researchers 440 Further Reading 440 13. Sedative 441 13.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Tranquilizers 441 13.2 Pharmacokinetics of Azaperone 441 13.3 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limit of Tranquilizers 442 13.4 Determination of Acetopromaizine, Chlorpromazine,Haloperidol, Propionylpromazine, Xylazine, Azaperone, Azaperol, and Carazolol Residues in Porcine Kidney and Muscle Tissues—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20763-2006) 442 13.4.1 Scope 442 13.4.2 Principle 446 13.4.3 Reagents and Materials 446 13.4.4 Apparatus 447 13.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 447 13.4.6 Determination 448 13.4.7 Precision 448 13.4.8 Recovery 453 Researchers 453 Further Reading 453 13.5 Determination of Eight Tranquilizer Residues in Bovine Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22993-2008) 454 13.5.1 Scope 454 13.5.2 Principle 454 13.5.3 Reagents and Materials 454 13.5.4 Apparatus 456 13.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 456 13.5.6 Determination 457 13.5.7 Precision 459 13.5.8 Recovery 461 Researchers 464 14. Pyrazolone 465 14.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Phenylbutazone 465 14.2 Chemical Structure of Phenylbutazone 466 14.3 Determination of Phenylbutazone in Livestock and Poultry Muscles—LC-UV Method (GB/T 20754-2006) 466 14.3.1 Scope 466 14.3.2 Principles 467 14.3.3 Reagents and Materials 467 14.3.4 Apparatus 468 14.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 468 14.3.6 Determination 468 14.3.7 Precision 469 14.3.8 Recovery 470 Researchers 470 Further Reading 470 14.4 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Dipyrone 471 14.5 Pharmacokinetics of Dipyrone 471 14.6 Chemical Structure and Maximum Residue Limit for Dipyrone 472 14.7 Determination of Metabolite Residues of Dipyrone in Bovine and Porcine Muscle Tissues—LC-UV and LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20747-2006) 474 14.7.1 Scope 474 14.7.2 Principle 474 14.7.3 Reagents and Materials 474 14.7.4 Apparatus 475 14.7.5 Sample Pretreatment 475 14.7.6 Determination 476 14.7.7 Precision 479 14.7.8 Recovery 479 Researchers 484 Further Reading 484 14.8 Determination of Metabolite Residues of Dipyrone in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22971-2008) 484 14.8.1 Scope 484 14.8.2 Principle 485 14.8.3 Reagents and Materials 485 14.8.4 Apparatus 486 14.8.5 Sample Pretreatment 486 14.8.6 Determination 487 14.8.7 Precision 488 14.8.8 Recovery 493 Researchers 493 15. Quinoxaline 495 15.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Carbadox and Olaquindox 495 15.2 Pharmacokinetics of Carbadox and Olaquindox 496 15.3 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Carbadox and Olaquindox 496 15.4 Determination of the Residues of Carbadox,Olaquindox, and Related Metabolites in Bovine and Porcine Liver and Muscle Tissues—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 20746-2006) 498 15.4.1 Scope 498 15.4.2 Principle 498 15.4.3 Reagents and Materials 498 15.4.4 Apparatus 499 15.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 499 15.4.6 Determination 500 15.4.7 Precision 504 15.4.8 Recovery 504 Researchers 506 Further Reading 506 15.5 Determination of the Residues of Metabolites of Carbadox and Olaquindox in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22984-2008) 506 15.5.1 Scope 506 15.5.2 Principle 506 15.5.3 Reagents and Material 507 15.5.4 Apparatus 507 15.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 508 15.5.6 Determination 508 15.5.7 Precision 510 15.5.8 Recovery 510 Researchers 514 16. Nitroimidazole 515 16.1 Curative Effect and Side Effects of Nitroimidazoles 515 16.2 Chemical Structures and Maximum Residue Limits for Nitroimidazoles 515 16.3 Determination of Metronidazole, Ronidazole, and Dimetridazole Residues in Honey—LC-VU Method (GB/T 18932.26-2005) 516 16.3.1 Scope 516 16.3.2 Principle 516 16.3.3 Reagents and Materials 517 16.3.4 Apparatus 517 16.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 517 16.3.6 Determination 518 16.3.7 Precision 518 16.3.8 Recovery 520 Researchers 520 Further Reading 521 16.4 Determination of Metronidazole, Ronidazole, and Dimetridazole Residues in Honey—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20744-2006) 521 16.4.1 Scope 521 16.4.2 Principle 521 16.4.3 Reagents and Materials 521 16.4.4 Apparatus 522 16.4.5 Sample Pretreatment 522 16.4.6 Determination 523 16.4.7 Precision 523 16.4.8 Recovery 526 Researchers 526 Further Reading 526 16.5 Determination of Metronidazole, Ronidazole, and Dimetridazole Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22982-2008) 527 16.5.1 Scope 527 16.5.2 Principle 527 16.5.3 Reagents and Materials 527 16.5.4 Apparatus 528 16.5.5 Sample Pretreatment 528 16.5.6 Determination 529 16.5.7 Precision 531 16.5.8 Recovery 533 Researchers 534 16.6 Determination of Nitroimidazole Residues in Royal Jelly and Lyophilized Royal Jelly Farina—LC-MS-MS Method(GB/T 22949-2008) 535 16.6.1 Scope 535 16.6.2 Principle 535 16.6.3 Reagents and Materials 535 16.6.4 Apparatus 536 16.6.5 Sample Pretreatment 537 16.6.6 Determination 537 16.6.7 Precision 543 16.6.8 Recovery 543 Researchers 543 17. Benzimidazole 551 17.1 Determination of Thiabendazole, Albendazole,Fenbendazole, Oxfendazole, and Febantel Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—HPLC-MS-MS (GB/T 22972-2008) 551 17.1.1 Scope 551 17.1.2 Principle 551 17.1.3 Reagents and Materials 551 17.1.4 Apparatus 552 17.1.5 Sample Pretreatment 552 17.1.6 Determination 553 17.1.7 Precision 555 17.1.8 Recovery 559 Researchers 559 17.2 Determination of Benzimidazole Residues in Fugu, Eel, and Baked Eel—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22955-2008) 559 17.2.1 Scope 559 17.2.2 Principle 559 17.2.3 Reagents and Materials 559 17.2.4 Apparatus 561 17.2.5 Sample Pretreatment 561 17.2.6 Determination 562 17.2.7 Precision 565 17.2.8 Recovery 567 Researchers 570 18. Levamisole 571 18.1 Determination of Levamisole Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22994-2008) 571 18.1.1 Scope 571 18.1.2 Principle 571 18.1.3 Reagents and Materials 571 18.1.4 Apparatus 572 18.1.5 Sample Pretreatment 572 18.1.6 Determination 573 18.1.7 Precision 575 18.1.8 Recovery 575 Researchers 576 Further Reading 576 19. Thiourea 577 19.1 Curative Effects and Side Effects of Thiouracil 577 19.2 Chemical Character and Maximum Residue Limit of 2-Thiouracil, Methyl Thiouracil, Propyl Thiouracil, Tapazole,and 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole 577 19.3 Determination of 2-Thiouracil, Methyl Thiouracil,Propyl Thiouracil, Tapazole and 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Residues in Bovine Thyroid and Muscles—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 20742-2006) 579 19.3.1 Scope 579 19.3.2 Principle 579 19.3.3 Reagents and Materials 579 19.3.4 Apparatus 580 19.3.5 Sample Pretreatment 580 19.3.6 Determination 581 19.3.7 Precision 586 19.3.8 Recovery 586 Researchers 586 Further Reading 586 20. Polyether 587 20.1 Determination of Six Polyether Antibiotic Residues in Milk and Milk Powder—LC-MS-MS Method (GB/T 22983-2008) 587 20.1.1 Scope 587 20.1.2 Principle 587 20.1.3 Reagents and Materials 587 20.1.4 Apparatus 588 20.1.5 Sample Pretreatment 588 20.1.6 Determination 589 20.1.7 Precision 590 20.1.8 Recovery 595 Researchers 598 Further Reading 598 Index 599
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